Table 2.
Selected characteristics of study participants
| Cholera cases (N=181a) |
Community controls (N=716a) |
Bias indicator cases / Test-negative controls (N=157a) |
Bias indicator community controls (N=625a) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median age [IQR] | 26 [10, 45] | 27 [10, 43] | 31 [13, 49] | 30 [12, 46] |
| Female sex | 77 (43) | 395 (55) | 85 (54) | 372 (60) |
| Respondent was self | 105 (58) | 467 (65) | 110 (70) | 447 (72) |
| Ever attended school | 90 (50) | 416 (58) | 95 (61) | 352 (56) |
| Main toilet is latrine | 120 (66) | 436 (61) | 107 (68) | 394 (63) |
| Household has electricityb | 68 (38) | 250 (35) | 44 (28) | 168 (27) |
| Makes a living by agriculture | 111 (61) | 395 (55) | 96 (61) | 352 (56) |
| Makes a living by fishing | 20 (11) | 110 (15) | 17 (11) | 94 (15) |
| Reports knowing how to treat water | 175 (97) | 706 (99) | 154 (98) | 621 (99) |
| Reports always treating water | 89 (49) | 422 (59) | 78 (50) | 346 (55) |
| Reports washing hands 4 or more times per day | 57 (31) | 214 (30) | 39 (25) | 145 (23) |
| Household buys waterc | 36 (20) | 121 (17) | 37 (24) | 133 (21) |
| 30 minutes or more on foot from home to riverd | 54 (30) | 174 (24) | 47 (30) | 177 (29) |
| Ate leftover unheated rice in past week | 38 (21) | 177 (25) | 43 (27) | 179 (29) |
| Consumed food or beverage outside of home in the last weeke | 115 (64) | 488 (68) | 109 (69) | 431 (69) |
| Ate raw fruits or vegetables in the last week (N=159)f | 42 (23) | 213 (30) | 49 (31) | 230 (37) |
| Type of cover for household water vesselg | ||||
| Covered | 145 (83) | 597 (84) | 130 (83) | 524 (84) |
| Uncovered | 24 (14) | 105 (15) | 22 (14) | 88 (14) |
| Partially covered | 6 (3) | 9 (1) | 4 (3) | 12 (2) |
| Household water vessel has a taph | 28 (16) | 84 (12) | 21 (13) | 80 (13) |
| Size of opening on household water vessel (narrow versus wide)i | 63 (36) | 215 (30) | 61 (39) | 200 (32) |
| Antacid usage in the past 14 daysj | 11 (6) | 52 (8) | 19 (12) | 54 (9) |
| Previous hospitalization for diarrheak | 24 (13) | 85 (12) | 29 (18) | 73 (12) |
| Prior admission to a cholera treatment unitl | 19 (11) | 84 (13) | 24 (16) | 73 (12) |
| Member of household had diarrhea in last 7 daysm | 29 (16) | 75 (10) | 11 (7) | 39 (6) |
| Member of household previously admitted to cholera treatment unit | 52 (29) | 195 (27) | 59 (38) | 194 (31) |
Unless otherwise noted
Household has electricity: N=715 for community controls; N=156 for bias indicator cases
Household buys water: N=714 for community controls
30 minutes or more on foot from home to river: N=178 for cholera cases; N=714 for community controls; N=155 for bias indicator cases; N=619 for bias indicator controls
Consumed food or beverage outside of home in the last week: N=180 for cholera cases; N=624 for bias indicator controls
Ate raw fruits or vegetables in the last week: N=156 for bias indicator cases
Water vessel cover: N=175 for cholera cases; N=711 for community controls; N=156 for bias indicator cases; N=624 for bias indicator controls
Water vessel has a tap: N=176 for cholera cases; N=714 for community controls; N=156 for bias indicator cases; N=624 for bias indicator controls
Size of opening on water vessel: N=176 for cholera cases; N=714 for community controls; N=156 for bias indicator cases; N=624 for bias indicator controls
Antacid usage in the past 14 days: N=170 for cholera cases; N=672 for community controls; N=154 for bias indicator cases; N=617 for bias indicator controls
Previous hospitalization for diarrhea: N=624 for bias indicator controls
Prior admission to a cholera treatment unit: N=170 for cholera cases; N=672 for community controls; N=154 for bias indicator cases; N=617 for bias indicator controls
Member of household had diarrhea in last 7 days: N=180 for cholera cases, N=715 for community controls