Table 2.

Signs and Symptoms of Overlapping Syndromes of Acute Kidney Injury in Pregnancy

	Preeclampsia/HELLP	TTP	aHUS	AFLP	APS	Lupus flare
Timing in pregnancy	>20 weeks	Higher incidence in 2^nd trimester	Higher in postpartum	Higher incidence in 3^rd trimester	All gestational ages	All gestational ages
Blood pressure >140/90 mmHg	3+	0 to 3+	2+	0 to 2+	0 to 3+	0 to 3+
Neurologic involvement	0 to 3+	2+ to 3+	0 to 1+	0	0 to 3+	0 to 3+
Fever	0	1+ to 3+	0 to 3+	0	2+	2+
Schistocytes (more than 1%)	0 to 2+	3+	2+	0 to 1+	2+	0
Low platelet count (cells/ μL)	0 to 3+	2+ to 3+	3+	1+ to 2+	2+	1+ to 2+
Elevated liver enzymes	0 to 3+	0 to 1+	0 to 1+	2+ to 3+	0 to 1+	0
Proteinuria^*	1+ to 3+	1+ to 3+	1+ to 3+	1+	0 to 3+	1+ to 3+
Low ADAMTS13 activity (<10%)	0 to 1+	3+	1+	0	0	0
Treatment	Delivery of fetus	Plasma exchange	Plasmapheresis/eculizumab	Delivery of fetus	Aspirin + anticoagulatio n	Immunos uppression

ADAMTS13: A disintegrin and metalloprotease with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13.

HELLP: hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets

TTP: thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

AFLP: acute fatty liver of pregnancy

APS: anti-phospholipid syndrome

Proteinuria: defined as either >1+ on urinalysis or urine protein of more than 300 mg/24 hours or urine protein/creatinine ratio of > 0.3 g/g

Ratings: 0, unlikely or not present; 1+, mild or low likelihood; 2+, moderate or moderate likelihood; 3+, severe or high likelihood