Fig 9. Relative expression of transcription factors related to the differentiation of T helper cells in the spleen of naïve BALB/c mice after ArtinM administration.

Total RNA was extracted from the mice spleen harvested at day 0. The total RNA was reverse-transcribed into cDNA, and the relative expression of T-bet (A), GATA-3 (B), and ROR-γt (C) was determined by real-time quantitative PCR. Animals received ArtinM at the specified doses, PBS (negative control), or LPS (positive control). The values were normalized to β-actin expression. Results are expressed as mean ± SD, and the levels of relative expression were compared to the PBS control group. Differences were considered significant when p < 0.05 (*) compared to the PBS control group.