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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Consult Clin Psychol. 2017 Jun 26;85(11):1029–1040. doi: 10.1037/ccp0000229

Table 2.

Effects of Treatment Group on Volatility of Emotions and Craving.

Adjusted for demographics and baseline smoking Adjusted for demographics, baseline smoking, and abstinence Estimated Marginal Means* (Standard Error)
Variable F p F p UC CBT MBAT
Positive Affect (PANAS PA) .45 .638 .81 .445 45.95
(10.22)		 34.44
(7.83)		 47.98
(7.75)
Negative Affect (PANAS NA) .92 .400 1.24 .293 65.13
(13.15)		 38.93
(10.07)		 50.04
(9.97)
Perceived Stress (PSS-SF) .95 .949 .65 .523 7.22
(1.19)		 5.67
(.91)		 5.67 (.90)
Anger (WSWS) 5.87 .003 6.61 .002 .98a
(.12) 		.85a
(.09) 		.48b
(.09)
Anxiety (WSWS) .44 .647 .80 .451 .69
(.10)		 .58
(.07)		 .54
(.07)
Sadness (WSWS) 2.97 .053 .68 .509 .52
(.08)		 .43
(.06)		 .40
(.06)
Craving (WSWS) 2.33 .099 2.94 .056 1.15
(.18)		 .97
(.14)		 .64
(.13)

Notes.

MBAT – Mindfulness-Based Addiction Treatment; CBT = Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; UC = Usual Care.

PANAS PA = Positive Affect subscale of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule; PANAS NA = Negative Affect subscale of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule; PSS-SF = Perceived Stress Scale - Short Form; WSWS = Wisconsin Smoking Withdrawal Scale.

Estimated marginal means are based on models controlling for demographics, baseline smoking (cigarettes per day and time to first cigarette), and abstinence at each time point. Significant differences are based on Tukey HSD. Results shown in bold represent significant effects based on alpha = .05.