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5-Fu activated NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways in colonic tissues. (A,B) 5-Fu treatment enhanced the protein expression of p-ERK1/2, p-JNK, and p-p38 MAPK. (C,D) 5-Fu treatment elevated the protein expression of iNOS, p-NF-κB, and p-I-κB. (E) 5-Fu treatment increased the expression of activated NF-κB in the colonic epithelial cells. Values were expressed as mean ± S.E.M (n = 3/group). Data were analyzed by t-test. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs. control group.
