Table 3.

Photosynthetic parameters deduced by JIP-test of fluorescence transients.

Photosynthetic parameters	Cd2+ treatment concentration
	0 mg/L	1 mg/L	5 mg/L	50 mg/L	150 mg/L
φP0	0.765 ± 0.01 a	0.758 ± 0.01 a	0.729 ± 0.02 a	0.722 ± 0.06 a	0.654 ± 0.05 b
ψE0	0.565 ± 0.04 a	0.564 ± 0.02 a	0.566 ± 0.03 a	0.529 ± 0.02 bc	0.504 ± 0.03 c
δR0	0.295 ± 0.03 c	0.302 ± 0.03 bc	0.340 ± 0.05 b	0.314 ± 0.04 bc	0.442 ± 0.05 a
ϒRC	0.223 ± 0.02 a	0.215 ± 0.02 a	0.193 ± 0.03 b	0.198 ± 0.02 ab	0.164 ± 0.02 c
PIABS	1.267 ± 0.38 a	1.134 ± 0.22 a	0.990 ± 0.31 ab	0.824 ± 0.36 b	0.473 ± 0.28 c
PItotal	0.529 ± 0.07 a	0.491 ± 0.09 a	0.429 ± 0.07 a	0.321 ± 0.05 b	0.320 ± 0.07 b

*φ_Po: maximum quantum yield for primary photochemistry, namely, F_V/F_M; Ψ_E0: efficiency/probability with which a PSII-trapped electron is transferred from Q_A to Q_B; δ_R0: efficiency/probability with which an electron from Q_B is transferred to PSI acceptors; ϒ_RC: probability that a PSII Chl molecule functions as RC; PI_ABS: PI (potential) for energy conservation from exciton to the reduction of intersystem electron; PI_total: PI (potential) for energy conservation from exciton to the reduction of PSI end acceptors. Subscript “0” indicates that the parameter refers to the onset of illumination. Values are given as the means ± SD (n = 5–7) and different letters indicate statistical difference significance at P < 0.05 among the treatments by Duncan’s multiple range tests.