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. 2017 Oct 30;7:14362. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-13195-5

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Disturbed metabolic pathways related to electro-acupuncture and moxibustion treatment on CAG. Metabolites in red, green and blue represent metabolites regulated by electro-acupuncture, moxibustion and both them, respectively. Both electro-acupuncture and moxibustion intervention showed beneficial effects by restoring many CAG-induced metabolic changes involved in membrane metabolism, energy metabolism and function of neurotransmitters. Notably, the moxibustion played an important role in CAG treatment mainly by regulating energy metabolism in serum, while main acting site of electro-acupuncture treatment is nervous system in stomach and brain. (1, Synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies; 2, Phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis; 3, Phenylalanine metabolism; 4, Glutathione metabolism; 5, Glycerolipid metabolism; 6, Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism; 7, Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism; 8, Butanoate metabolism; 9, Cysteine and methionine metabolism).