Table 1.

Short lexicon of basic neuroimmunology terms.

Adaptive immunity	Immunity resulting from the recognition of antigens
Innate immunity	Immunity resulting from non-specific activating signals
T-cells	T lymphocytes: cells that recognize antigens
B-cells	B lymphocyte: cells that secrete antibodies
TH cells	T helper cells: subset of T lymphocytes that orchestrate adaptive immunity
TH1 cells	T helper 1 cells: subset of pro-inflammatory TH cells secreting interferon-γ
TH17 cells	T helper 17 cells: subset of pro-inflammatory TH cells secreting IL-17
Antigens	Peptides recognized by T-cells and/or antibodies
Autoantigens	≪Self≫ peptides recognized by T-cells and/or antibodies
TCRs	T-cell receptors: T-cell membranous receptors recognizing antigens
APCs	Antigen-presenting cells: immune cells that capture, process and present antigens
MHC molecules	Major histocompatibility complex molecules: the molecular pockets of antigens
HLA molecules	Human leukocyte antigens: human MHC molecules
HLA-DR molecules	HLA-DR: a subtype of HLA class II molecules
Neural cells	Cells of the nervous system
Neuronal cells	Neurons
Neurites	Cytoplasmic expansions that extend from the cell body of neurons
Axons	Unique type of neurites supporting nerve conduction
Myelin sheath	Lipid-rich sheath that insulates axons
Oligodendrocytes	Neural cells that synthesize myelin sheaths
Astrocytes	Neural cells supporting the survival and functions of neurons
Synapses	Structures supporting the interneuronal transmission of nerve impulses
Synpatic plasticity	Establishment, elimination, strengthening or weakening of synapses