Table 4.
GWAS (genome-wide association studies) associate MHC class II genes with brain-related disorders or traits.
| Brain disorders | Behavioral or cognitive traits | |
|---|---|---|
| HLA-DRA | Parkinson's disease (20711177; 22451204; 24511991) | |
| Fronto-temporal dementia (24943344) | ||
| HLA-DRB1 | Alzheimer's disease (25188341; 24162737) | |
| Schizophrenia (23212062; 19571809) | ||
| Parkinson's disease (27182965) | ||
| HLA-DRB5 | Fronto-temporal dementia (24943344) | |
| Parkinson's disease (21292315; 27182965 | ||
| Schizophrenia (26198764; 23974872) | ||
| Alzheimer's disease (25188341; 24162737 | ||
| HLA-DMA | Schizophrenia (26198764) | |
| Psychiatric disordersa (23453885) | ||
| HLA-DMB | Schizophrenia (26198764) | |
| Psychiatric disordersa (23453885) | ||
| HLA-DOA | Red wine liking (25758996) | |
| White wine liking (25758996) | ||
| Neurocitism (27089181) | ||
| HLA-DOB | Schizophrenia (26198764) | |
| HLA-DQA1 | Schizophrenia (23212062; 19571809) | |
| Parkinson's disease (27182965) | ||
| HLA-DQB1 | Essential hypersomnia | |
| Schizophrenia (26198764) | ||
| Parkinson's disease (25064009) | ||
| HLA-DPA1 | Neurocitism (27089181) | |
| HLA-DPB1 | Gait speed in old age (28077804) |
A survey of the EMBL data base of GWAS (the “GWAS catalog”) (Welter et al., 2014), was performed in order to list the known genetic associations between polymorphisms of MHC class II genes and brain-related disorders or traits. HLA pseudogenes identified as such in the NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information) “Gene” database were excluded from the analysis. Numbers in brackets indicate the PMID (PubMed Identifier) of the study from which associations were found.
In this study, authors identified the risk loci with shared effects on five major psychiatric disorders: autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder and schizophrenia. No disease or trait association is reported in the GWAS catalog for the HLA genes: HLA-DRB3, HLA-DRB4, and HLA-DQB3. No brain-related disorder or trait association with is reported in the GWAS catalog for the HLA genes: HLA-DQB2, HLA-DPA2 and HLA-DPA3 (see Supplementary Material 1). The survey presented in this table was performed on the 07/18/2017.