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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Oct 31.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Hypertens Rep. 2015 Dec;17(12):94. doi: 10.1007/s11906-015-0606-5

Table 2.

Random-effects Medication Adherence Outcome Effect Size Estimates and Heterogeneity Statistics

k Effect size p (ES) 95%
Confidence interval		 Standard error I2 Q p (Q)
Treatment vs. control comparisons 108 0.300 <.001 0.222, 0.379 0.040 86.696 804.255 <.001
Treatment pre- vs. post-comparisons 44 0.378 <.001 0.293, 0.464 0.043 84.147 271.706 <.001
Control pre- vs. post-comparisons 29 0.096 .023 0.013, 0.179 0.042 77.808 126.172 <.001

k denotes number of comparisons, effect size is standardized mean difference, Q is a conventional homogeneity statistic, I2 is the percentage of total variation among studies’ observed ES due to heterogeneity.