Table 3.

Moderator Analyses of Intervention Characteristics

Moderator	k	Effect size	Standard error	Qbetween	p (Qbetween)
Behavior target				0.087	.768
Intervention exclusively targeted adherence behavior	41	0.318	0.073
Intervention targeted multiple health behaviors including adherence	67	0.292	0.046
Intervention delivered to health care providers vs. patients				4.722	.030
Health care providers received intervention	7	0.107	0.086
Patients received intervention	101	0.316	0.043
Pharmacist interventionist				0.960	.327
Present	28	0.356	0.063
Absent	80	0.277	0.050
Physician interventionist				0.361	.548
Present	14	0.369	0.166
Absent	94	0.267	0.032
Ambulatory care delivery site				0.006	.938
Present	25	0.272	0.118
Absent	83	0.282	0.035
Intervention delivered in pharmacy				0.692	.405
Present	9	0.432	0.166
Absent	99	0.290	0.042
Intervention delivery				0.709	.400
Face-to-face delivery	81	0.319	0.053
Mediated delivery (e.g., telephone, mail)	27	0.259	0.048
Theory used to design intervention				0.350	.554
Any theory used to design intervention	29	0.335	0.072
No theory used to design intervention	79	0.284	0.048

k denotes number of comparisons, effect size is standardized mean difference, Q is a conventional heterogeneity statistic.