Table 1.
Clinicopathological features of 16 pediatric High-Grade Glioma (pHGG) primary-recurrence tumor pairs analyzed in this study
| Molecular Group | HGG case | Age/sex | Primary (P) Dx | Recurrence (R) Dx | Time to progression (months) | Interval between P and R (months) | Neuro-anatomical Location | Surgery#1 | Surgery#2 | Germline Available | Treatments between diagnosis and recurrence sample |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H3/IDH1 mutant | 1 | 14yo/M | GBM | GBM | 8.7 | 16.2 | Midline (Spine) | GTR | NA (autopsy) | Yes | RT+ TMZ, TMZ |
| 2 | 18yo/F | AA | GBM | 10.3 | 14.4 | Midline (Pons) | STR | NA (autopsy) | Yes | RT+ TMZ, TMZ, bevacizumab, vorinostat | |
| 3 | 13yo/F | GBM | GBM | 6.5 | 6.5 | Midline (Spine) | STR | NA (autopsy) | Yes | RT+ TMZ, rapamycin | |
| 4 | 4yo/F | GBM | GBM | 23.5 | 23.5 | Midline (Pons) | Biopsy | NA (autopsy) | No | RT + vandatenib, dasatinib | |
| 5 | 12yo/M | GBM | GBM | 7.1 | 8.7 | Hemisphere | GTR | NA (autopsy) | No | RT + TMZ, TMZ + bevacizumab | |
| 6 | 29yo/F | AA focal GBM | GBM | 45.2 | 45.2 | Hemisphere | STR | STR | No | RT + TMZ, TMZ | |
| 7 | 19yo/F | AA | AA | 14.3 | 14.3 | Hemisphere | GTR | GTR | No | Surgery | |
| H3/IDH1 wildtype | 8 | 15yo/F | AA | GBM | 12 | 13 | Midline (Thalamus) | Biopsy | NA (autopsy) | Yes | RT+ bevacizumab + TMZ, bevacizumab + TMZ + irinotecan |
| 9 | 18yo/M | GBM | GBM | 25.3 | 25.3 | Hemisphere | GTR | STR | Yes | RT, bevacizumab + irinotecan | |
| 10 | 10yo/F | HGG Gr III w neuronal component | HGG Gr IV w neuronal component | 9.3 | 17.3 | Hemisphere | GTR | STR | Yes | RT, lapatinib + bevacizumab, VP16 | |
| 11 | 14yo/F | GBM | GBM | 3.8 | 7.1 | Hemisphere | Biopsy | NA (autopsy) | Yes | RT + TMZ, bevacizumab | |
| 12 | 17yo/M | GBM | GBM | 29.1 | 29.1 | Hemisphere | STR | STR | No | RT, VP16, BMT | |
| 13 | 19yo/M | AA | AA | 39.2 | 39.2 | Hemisphere | GTR | GTR | No | RT+ TMZ, TMZ | |
| 14 | 12yo/M | GBM | GBM | 13.8 | 13.8 | Hemisphere | GTR | GTR | No | RT + TMZ, TMZ + lomustine | |
| NF1 germline | 15 | 15yo/M | AA | GBM | 42.4 | 65.4 | Hemisphere | GTR | NA (autopsy) | Yes | RT, cisplatin + cyclophosphamide +topotecan + vincristine, TMZ, bevacizumab, rapamycin, cabozantinib |
| 16 | 23yo/F | LGG Gr II w pilocytic features | GBM | 9.5 | 9.5 | Hemisphere | GTR | STR | Yes | Surgery |
Abbreviations: M Male, F Female, HGG High Grade Glioma, GBM Glioblastoma, Dx Diagnosis, AA Anaplastic Astrocytoma, GTR Gross Total Resection, NA Not Available, STR Subtotal Resection, RT Radiation Therapy, TMZ Temozolomide, VP16 Etoposide, BMT Bone Marrow Transplantation
Targeted therapies: Bevacizumab (Genentech, San Francisco, CA), vorinostat (Merck, Whitehouse Station, NJ), vandatenib (AstraZeneca, Wilmington, DE), dasatinib (Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ), lapatinib (Novartis, East Hanover, NJ), cabozantinib (Exelixis, San Francisco, CA)