Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of the study participants by NAFLD
| Variable | NAFLD (n = 167) |
Non-NAFLD (n = 1043) |
Crude OR (95% CI) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 18.0 ± 1.9 | 15.1 ± 2.8 | 1.823 (1.627-2.042) | < 0.001 |
| Male, n % | 91 (54.5) | 503 (48.2) | 1.285 (0.926-1.784) | 0.133 |
| Anthropometric Assessment | ||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.0 ± 4.7 | 21.0 ± 4.0 | 1.109 (1.070-1.150) | < 0.001 |
| Waist-hip ratio | 0.86 ± 0.08 | 0.79 ± 0.07 | 2.556 (2.106-3.104) | < 0.001 |
| Waist-to-height ratio | 0.51 ± 0.07 | 0.44 ± 0.05 | 3.885 (2.331-5.233) | < 0.001 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 121.2 ± 19.4 | 113.1 ± 18.1 | 1.023 (1.014-1.031) | < 0.001 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 71.8 ± 14.3 | 67.4 ± 12.7 | 1.024 (1.012-1.036) | < 0.001 |
| Pulse pressure (mmHg) | 49.4 ± 14.5 | 45.8 ± 14.1 | 1.017 (1.006-1.028) | < 0.001 |
| Biochemistry data | ||||
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.76 ± 0.17 | 0.79 ± 0.17 | 0.364 (0.132-0.999) | 0.050 |
| ALT (mg/dL) | 30.0 ± 27.5 | 14.9 ± 12.7 | 1.048 (1.037-1.060) | < 0.001 |
| AST (mg/dL) | 22.2 ± 10.3 | 18.7 ± 6.7 | 1.048 (1.028-1.069) | < 0.001 |
| Uric acid (mg/dL) | 6.35 ± 1.59 | 5.63 ± 1.38 | 1.403 (1.254-1.570) | < 0.001 |
| GGT (U/L) | 22.8 ± 17.4 | 18.7 ± 6.7 | 1.068 (1.050-1.085) | < 0.001 |
| Lipid profiles | ||||
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 104.4 ± 30.4 | 94.1 ± 24.5 | 1.014 (1.008-1.020) | < 0.001 |
| VLDL (mg/dL) | 19.4 ± 10.6 | 14.9 ± 6.9 | 1.060 (1.041-1.080) | < 0.001 |
| HDL-C mg/dL | 54.4 ± 11.5 | 58.5 ± 11.3 | 0.966 (0.951-0.982) | < 0.001 |
| Cholesterol-C mg/dL | 168.6 ± 31.4 | 161.3 ± 26.5 | 1.009 (1.004-1.015) | 0.001 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 98.8 ± 59.9 | 74.9 ± 36.2 | 1.011 (1.007-1.014) | < 0.001 |
Abbreviation: ALT aspartate aminotransferase, AST alanine aminotransferase, NAFLD non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, BW body weight, BMI basal metabolic index, BP blood pressure, GGT gamma-glutamyl aminotransferase, LDL low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, VLDL very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TG triglycerides