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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Oct 23.
Published in final edited form as: Dev Cell. 2017 Oct 12;43(2):186–197.e7. doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.09.012

Figure 3.

Figure 3

PLD2 deficiency blocks invadopodia formation in cancer cells. (A) PLD2 deficiency reduces the invadopodia formation in vivo. Invadopodia were identified by the colocalization of cortactin and Tks5 in the cryosections of mouse mammary tumors (indicated by arrows). n=4 for each genotype. At least 200 cells from six different fields were analyzed. (B) Quantification of invadopodia cell in A. (C) PLD2 does not regulate the expression of TKS5 and cortactin. (D) Pld2 knockout blocks invadopodia formation in primary mammary tumor cells in vitro. Invadopodia were identified by removal of the fluorescently labeled gelatin (black spots) as marked by arrow heads. (E) Quantification of invadopodia in D. n=3. (F) PLD2 inhibitor (5μM) blocks invadopodia formation in MDA-MB-231 cells. (G) Quantification of invadopodia in F. n=3. Scale bars = 10 μm. Quantifications are presented as mean ± SD; t-test, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.