Table 6.

Suggested antibiotic regimens for adults with Mycobacterium xenopi-pulmonary disease

M. xenopi-pulmonary disease	Antibiotic regimen
Non-severe M. xenopi-pulmonary disease (ie, AFB smear negative respiratory tract samples, no radiological evidence of lung cavitation or severe infection, mild-to-moderate symptoms, no signs of systemic illness)	Rifampicin 600 mg daily and Ethambutol 15 mg/kg daily and Azithromycin 250 mg daily or Clarithromycin 500 mg twice daily and Moxifloxacin 400 mg daily or Isoniazid 300 mg (+pyridoxine 10 mg) daily. Antibiotic treatment should continue for a minimum of 12 months after culture conversion.
Severe M. xenopi-pulmonary disease (ie, AFB smear positive respiratory tract samples, radiological evidence of lung cavitation/severe infection or severe symptoms/signs of systemic illness)	Rifampicin 600 mg daily and Ethambutol 15 mg/kg daily and Azithromycin 250 mg daily or Clarithromycin 500 mg twice daily and Moxifloxacin 400 mg daily or Isoniazid 300 mg (+pyridoxine 10 mg) daily and Consider intravenous amikacin for up to 3 months or nebulised amikacin. Antibiotic treatment should continue for a minimum of 12 months after culture conversion.

AFB, acid-fast bacilli.