Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study population
| Characteristics | Normal QTc | Prolonged QTc | ||||
| No CKD | CKD by eGFR | CKD by ACR | No CKD | CKD by eGFR | CKD by ACR | |
| n | 4455 | 367 | 602 | 658 | 84 | 161 |
| Age (years) | 54.7 | 73.4 | 61.1 | 58.7 | 74.3 | 63.3 |
| African-Americans (%) | 7.8 | 5.6 | 11.8 | 7.6 | 5.4 | 15.1 |
| Female (%) | 52.2 | 65.3 | 55.2 | 60.0 | 63.5 | 65 |
| CVD (%) | 5.2 | 18.8 | 9.7 | 13.9 | 20.4 | 16.6 |
| Hypertension (%) | 27.8 | 55.6 | 48.2 | 47.6 | 56.2 | 74 |
| Diabetes (%) | 16.1 | 63.1 | 47.6 | 31.7 | 66.2 | 52.7 |
| Current smokers (%) | 23.8 | 7.2 | 24.8 | 23.5 | 11.1 | 21 |
| Alcohol use (%) | 50.5 | 28.4 | 36.7 | 43.1 | 29.9 | 39.6 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26.9 | 27.6 | 28.6 | 28.8 | 26.7 | 27.9 |
| Total cholesterol | 215.8 | 228.7 | 224.6 | 218.2 | 225 | 224.4 |
| Serum potassium | 4.1 | 4.2 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.1 | 3.9 |
| Serum calcium | 9.2 | 9.4 | 9.3 | 9.2 | 9.3 | 9.1 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 91.4 | 51.7 | 88.2 | 90.3 | 48.9 | 86.7 |
| ACR | 7 | 10.5 | 247.7 | 9.5 | 9.7 | 292.7 |
| QTc (ms) | 423 | 426.3 | 429.6 | 467.8 | 470.5 | 471.6 |
| QT-prolonging medications (%) | 4.4 | 4.5 | 6.1 | 8.0 | 3.2 | 5.0 |
| Beta-blockers (%) | 6.1 | 17.1 | 10.6 | 9.1 | 14.3 | 6.2 |
| No of all deaths | 1073 | 256 | 305 | 256 | 74 | 89 |
| No of CVD deaths | 419 | 134 | 131 | 99 | 39 | 44 |
All values are expressed as mean or percent.
ACR, albumin to creatinine ratio; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; QTc, corrected QT.