Table 4.
Association of Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) score with 1-Year Mortality: Multivariable Adjustment
| Hazard Ratio | 95% Confidence Interval | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 (adjustment for ethnicity) | |||
| KCCQ score (REF 0 – 24 Quartile 1) | |||
| 25–49 (Quartile 2) | 0.72 | 0.51–0.99 | 0.046 |
| 50 – 74 (Quartile 3) | 0.43 | 0.31–0.60 | <0.001 |
| 75 – 100 (Quartile 4) | 0.28 | 0.20–0.40 | <0.001 |
| Ethnicity (REF White participants) | |||
| Black | 1.34 | 0.90–2.00 | 0.147 |
| Indian | 2.16 | 1.56–2.98 | <0.001 |
| Malay | 4.21 | 2.95–6.00 | <0.001 |
| Chinese | 3.31 | 2.40–4.56 | <0.001 |
| Japanese/Koreans | 1.13 | 0.70–1.82 | 0.607 |
| Model 2 (adjustment for ethnicity and clinical variables*) | |||
| KCCQ score (REF 0 – 24 Quartile 1) | |||
| 25 – 49 (Quartile 2) | 0.88 | 0.62–1.25 | 0.479 |
| 50 – 74 (Quartile 3) | 0.65 | 0.46–0.94 | 0.023 |
| 75 – 100 (Quartile 4) | 0.51 | 0.340–0.76 | <0.001 |
| Ethnicity (REF White participants) | |||
| Black | 1.76 | 1.15–2.69 | 0.009 |
| Indian | 2.33 | 1.60–3.38 | <0.001 |
| Malay | 4.27 | 2.83–6.42 | <0.001 |
| Chinese | 3.09 | 2.14–4.46 | <0.001 |
| Japanese/Koreans | 1.12 | 0.67–1.89 | 0.656 |
*
The following clinical variables were tested and included in the model: age, sex, diabetes, hypertension, systolic blood pressure, ejection fraction, NYHA functional class III/IV vs. I/II, obstructive pulmonary disease, atrial fibrillation or flutter, peripheral vascular disease, coronary artery disease, educational status, ACEI/ARB, beta-blockers, diuretics.