Figure 1.

Percentage of larvae first cannibalized by N. californicus protonymphs given a choice between an unfamiliar nonkin larva and a familiar sibling larva. During the social familiarization phase, the predators were left without food or additionally given pollen or thrips. Cannibalism was scored at the occurrence of the first successful attack, i.e. attacks leading to death, of the protonymph on one of the two larvae. Numbers inside bars represent the number of replicates; P levels (GLM) indicate differences between the attack likelihood on unfamiliar nonkin and familiar sibling larvae within treatments. Vertical dotted lines represent the expected percentages under random choice.