Fig 1. Heatmap of differential expression of immune-related genes in white-eyed and brown-eyed pupae.

The colors indicate the average mRNA levels compared to average levels of mRNA in control groups: purple indicates lower and green higher levels. Range log₂ value of relative expression ratio is indicated in the legend on the right. Each column corresponds to the expression profile of one treatment (Thiamethoxam; Varroa; Thiamethoxam and Varroa) and each row, to one gene transcript. The immune-related gene names and corresponding immune pathway are indicated on the left. Boxes marked with symbol (*) shows statistically significant effect of treatment on gene expression if the p-value was equal to or less than 0.05.