Table 2.

Cerebrovascular diseases and ENG level

Cerebrovascular diseases	Species	Specimen	ENG level	Clinical or biological observation	Author and year
Stroke	Human	Brain	Increased	-	Krupinski et al., [22] 1994
	Human	Serum	Increased	Positive correlation with stroke severity	Kim et al., [69] 2012; Simak et al., [70] 2006
	Eng+/− mouse	Brain	Decreased	Poorer functional performance, larger infarction, less angiogenesis, impaired macrophage recruitment and clearance	Shen et al., [50] 2014
Brain AVM	Eng+/− mouse	Brain	Decreased	Cerebrovascular dysplasia after VEGF stimulation	Hao et al., [37, 40] 2010
	Eng2f/2f mouse	Brain	Decreased after gene KO	Brain AVM after VEGF stimulation and Eng KO	Choi et al., [46] 2012; Choi et al., [47] 2014
	HHT1 patient	Somatic cell	Decreased	Higher incidence of AVM in brain and pulmonary	McAllister et al., [24] 1995
Vasospasm SAH	Human patient	Serum	Decreased	patients with cerebral infarction,	Dietmann et al., [95] 2012
	Human patient	CSF	Increased	patients with cerebral infarction	Testai et al., [94] 2011
Carotid stenosis	Human patient	Carotid plaque	Increased	Positive correlation with stage of plaque	Conley et al., [10] 2000; Bot et al., [99] 2009; Luque et al., [100] 2009
	Mouse	Carotid plaque	Increased	Atrovastatin increase Eng expression	Rathouska et al., [101] 2011
Moyamoya disease	Human patient	Intima of MCA	Increased	-	Takagi et al., [103] 2007

AVM: arteriovenous malformation; CSF: cerebrospinal fluid; HHT: hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia; MCA: middle cerebral artery; KO: knock-out; SAH: subarachnoid hemorrhage; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor