Table 1. IPA Upstream Regulator Analysis for up- and down-regulated genes overlapping in all 4 conditions.

Upstream Regulator	Predicted Activation State	Activation z-score	p-value of overlap	Target molecules in dataset
STAT3	Activated	2.207	0.00115	CCNC,CCND2,CXCL12,HP,IGFBP5,LTF,TNF
SMARCA4		1.998	0.00439	CTGF,IGFBP5,INHBA,MGP,PLPP3,PTP4A2,SERPINH1,SPP1
CTNNB1		1.206	0.0028	BGN,CAPNS1,CCND2,CTGF,CXCL12,ECM1,IGFBP5,SPP1
STAT5		1.131	0.0358	CCND2,CISH,TNF,TPM3

Transcriptional regulators identified by IPA as candidates for modulating the gene expression changes observed in our experimental dataset. The analysis predicts which upstream regulators are activated or inhibited to explain the up-regulated (red) and down-regulated (green) genes observed in the dataset. The overlap p-value measures whether there is a statistically significant overlap between the dataset genes and the genes that are regulated by a transcriptional regulator. It is calculated using Fisher's Exact Test, and significance is generally attributed to p-values < 0.01. The calculated z-score reflects the overall predicted activation state of the regulator where z-scores greater than 2 (activation) or smaller than-2 (inhibition) can be considered significant.