Table 1.
Characteristics of falls in a sample of 16 falls collected in 5 individuals over a 3-month period.
| Distribution | Severity | Fall circumstances | |||||||
| Subject (S#)aand fall | Location | Timeb | Body impact | Head injury | Severity grading | Activity performed (corresponding to ICD-10 code)c |
Interaction with the living environment as a contributor to the fall: 1. extrinsic factor 2. cognitive-behavioral processing |
Got up alone | |
| S1 F | |||||||||
| #1 | CSd | D | 0 | 0 | 2 | Transfer sit-to-stand while talking (W07e) | No extrinsic factor identified Distraction/inattention in dual tasking (talking to caregiver when transferring) |
0 | |
| #2 | CS | D | 0 | 0 | 2 | Slipping from chair (W07e) | No extrinsic factor identified | 0 | |
| #3 | CS | D | 1 | 0 | 2 | Walking with caregiver (W03f, W04g) | Extrinsic obstacle (other resident in wheelchair in the pathway) Impulsivity and aberrant behavior |
0 | |
| #4 | CS | D | 0 | 0 | 2 | Transfer sit-to-stand (W07e) | No extrinsic factor identified | 0 | |
| #5 | CS | N | 0 | 0 | 2 | Transfer sit-to-stand (W07e) | No extrinsic factor identified No anticipation/awareness of her purse blocking her leg |
1 | |
| #6 | CS | D | 0 | 0 | 2 | Slipping from chair (W07e) | No extrinsic factor identified | 0 | |
| #7 | CS | D | 0 | 0 | 3 | Walking (W01h) | No extrinsic factor identified Distraction |
0 | |
| #8 | CS | D | 0 | 0 | 2 | Transfer sit-to-stand (W07e) | No extrinsic factor identified No anticipation/awareness of her purse blocking her valid hand |
0 | |
| #9 | CS | D | 0 | 0 | 2 | Transfer sit-to-stand (W07e) | No extrinsic factor identified No anticipation/awareness of her purse blocking her valid hand |
1 | |
| #10 | CS | D | 1 | 0 | 3 | Moving with wheelchair (W05i) | No extrinsic factor identified Impulsivity |
0 | |
| S2 M | |||||||||
| #1 | BRj | D | 1 | 0 | 3 | Transfer stand-to-sit while dressing (W06k) | Environmental hazard (messy bed) Environmental distractor (door open-closed) Poor judgment of the dangerous situation (dual tasking, no appraisal of distance, inappropriate sitting) |
0 | |
| S3 M | |||||||||
| #1 | BR | N | 0 | 0 | 3 | Walking/loss of support (W03f, W06k) | Environmental stressor (subject pushed from other resident’s bed) Inappropriate use of mobility aid (rollator) Aberrant behavior/confusion |
0 | |
| #2 | BR | D | 0 | 0 | 3 | Transfer stand-to-sit (W08l, W06k) | Environmental hazard (grabbing clothes on the floor) Poor awareness of his deficits and of the dangerous situation |
0 | |
| #3 | BR | D | 1 | 0 | 4 | Transfer sit-to-stand (W06k) | Environmental hazard (slippery bed blanket/messy bed) No anticipation of the dangerous situation No call for assistance (3 hours—time spent lying on the ground) Confusion |
0 | |
| S4 M | |||||||||
| #1 | BR | N | 1 | 1 | 3 | Transfer stand-to-sit (W06k) | Environmental hazard (slippery bed sheet/messy bed and poor lighting) Lack of judgment Inappropriate transfer strategy and use of rollator Poor appraisal of distance |
1 | |
| S5 M | |||||||||
| #1 | BR | N | 0 | 0 | 2 | Transfer lay-to-sit (W06k) | Environmental hazard (slippery bed sheet/messy bed) Poor awareness of deficits Impulsivity |
0 | |
aF indicates female and M indicates male.
bD indicates day and N indicates night.
cInternational Classification of Diseases, Tenth Edition (ICD-10).
dCS: common space.
eW07: fall involving chair.
fW03: other fall on same level due to collision with, or pushing by, another person.
gW04: fall while being carried or supported by other persons.
hW01: fall on same level from slipping, tripping, and stumbling.
iW05: fall involving wheelchair.
jBR: bedroom.
kW06: fall involving bed.
lW08: fall involving other furniture.