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. 2017 Oct 31;7:14396. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-14849-0

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effects of emotion (sad/happy) and tempo (slow/fast) on mind-wandering and meta-awareness. Experiment 1B replicated the results of Experiment 1A with an independent sample of participants (N = 140), using sad and happy music matched for numbers of beats per minute (BPM) and varying in tempo. Participants rated mind-wandering and meta-awareness on two 7-point scales (see Table S1 for precise questions). Error bars represent 1 SEM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P ≤ 0.001. (A) Significantly stronger mind-wandering was observed during sad (compared with happy) music as well as during happy slow (compared with happy fast) music. (B) Significantly more meta-awareness was observed during happy (compared with sad) music as well as during happy fast (compared with happy slow) music.