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. 2017 Nov 1;18:34. doi: 10.1186/s40510-017-0188-7

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© The Author(s). 2017

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

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Fig. 9 — Reference lines used in conventional 2D postero-anterior cephalometric analysis: a pre-expansion and b post-expansion; ANS is located on the left side of the vertical reference line. Maxillary sagittal plane (MSP) as novel reference plane: c pre-expansion and d post-expansion; ANS is located in the MSP