Table 1.
Results of included studies.
| Study | Sample | Methods | Criteria for Diagnosis | Measure | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mc Ausland et al. (2017) [5] | n = 765 CHR | Multicentric experimental study | Clinical High Risk | SIPS-SOPS | Attenuated Psychotic Symptom scores were correlated with higher SIAS (rS = 0.12, p < 0.01) and SAS scores (rS = 0.18, p < 0.001) |
| 280 Controls | |||||
| Range age: 12–35 | SAS | ||||
| Severe negative symptoms were associated with higher SIAS (rS = 0.33, p < 0.001) and SAS score (rS = 0.18, p < 0.001) | |||||
| IQ > 70 | SIAS | ||||
| Rietdijk et al. (2011) [6] | n = 201 | Experimental | Clinical High Risk | PQ | Social Anxiety (SIAS > 36):42% CHR |
| CAARMS | |||||
| Mean age: 22.7 | BDI-II | Gender and Social Anxiety: | |||
| Personal Assessment and Crisis Evaluation (PACE) criteria | 35.4% male vs. 49% female (p = 0.05) | ||||
| SD = 5.52 | |||||
| CDS | In female patients anxiety predicted Positive Symptom Score (p = 0.038) | ||||
| SIAS | |||||
| Demographic questionnaire | |||||
| Wigman et al. (2012) [12] | n = 3021 (T0) | Longitudinal study | Disorders of Anxiety/Depression | (DIA-X/M-CIDI) | 27% of individuals with disorders of anxiety/depression reported psychotic symptoms at any time point (36% at T2; 19% at T3) vs. 14% in those without (p < 0.001). |
| SCL-90R | |||||
| M-CIDI: | |||||
| n = 2548 (T2) | -Caseness: | ||||
| -Help seeking Behaviour; | |||||
| n = 2210 (T3) | -Substance Use; | ||||
| -Trauma; | |||||
| Range age: 14–24 | -Recent Life Events; | ||||
| -Urbanicity | |||||
| -Familial History of Help Seeking | |||||
| Madsen et al. (2017) [13] | n = 42 | Experimental study | Children High Risk | CAARMS SCID-I | Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS): Mean 43.1 (SD6.4), (p = 0.87). |
| Range age: 18–40 | SCID-II | ||||
| Mean age = 23.8 | SOFAS | GF: Role: Mean 4.6 (SD 1.12), (p = 0.97). | |||
| SD = 4.7 | YMRS | ||||
| YMRS BPRS | GF: Social: Mean 43.1 (SD 5.8), (p = 0.045). | ||||
| SANS | |||||
| MADRS | |||||
| ASSIST | CHR presented major depressive disorders (79%), anxiety (74%), alcohol (31%) and cannabis (24%). | ||||
| GF: Role | |||||
| GF: Social | |||||
| Chudleigh et al. (2011) [14] | 20 FEP | Experimental study | CHR | CAARMS | FEP and CHR participants significantly different from control on quantitative (p = 0.000) and qualitative (p < 0.001) social functioning (SFS). |
| 20 CHR | BPRS | ||||
| 20 controls | |||||
| SFS | |||||
| FEP | SOFAS | Only in the FEP group (p < 0.01), social anxiety symptoms were associated with both qualitative and quantitative social functioning outcomes | |||
| Range Age: 16–30 | WHODAS | ||||
| DASS |
Abbreviations and Explanations: PQ: Prodromal Questionnaire; CAARMS: Comprehensive Assessment of At Risk Mental State; BDI-II: Beck Depression Inventory-II; CDS: Calgary Depression Scale; SIAS: Social Interaction Anxiety Scale; RCT: Randomized Clinical Trial; SCL-90R: Symptom Checklist-90-R ;DIA-X/M-CIDI: Munich-Composite International Diagnostic Interview; SOFAS: Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale; SCID I: Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I disorders; SCID II: Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II disorders; SANS: Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms; MADRS: Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale; SIPS-SOPS: Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes and the Scale for Assessment of Prodromal Symptoms; YMRS: Young Mania Rating Scale; BPRS-E Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale-Expanded version; ASSIST: Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test; GF:Role: Global Functioning: Role Scale; GF: Social: Global Functioning: Social Scale; FHI: Family History Index; SAS: Zung Self Rating Anxiety Scale; SFS: Social Functioning Scale; WHODAS: World Health Organization Disability Assessment Scale II; DASS: Depression Anxiety Stress Scale.