Figure 3.

Schematic of blood vessel in the brain and hypothetical mechanisms of alcohol (EtOH) in the brain that are associated with alcohol-induced enhanced expression of PECAM-1. Attention is paid to include increases in expression of nuclear factor kappa b (NF-kB), activation of microglia and transendothelial migration of leukocytes as inflammatory responses post alcohol experience. Open headed arrows indicate the cell type; closed headed arrows indicate a mechanism followed by direction of effect; red thick arrows indicate increases in protein expression or effect on the signaling mechanism. OPCs, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells; OLGs, oligodendrocytes; HMGB-1, high mobility group box 1.