Fig. 6.
Systemic inflammatory serum cytokines in control, formula feeding, and NEC stress for 0 to 24 hours following early feeds in neonatal rat pups. Bar graphs show changes in IL-1β (a), IL-6 (b), TNF-α (c), and IL-10 (d). Changes between groups were (means ± SE, n = 5, p < 0.05). IL, interleukin; NEC, necrotizing enterocolitis; SE; standard errors; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α.