Table 3.

Association of free testosterone with prevalent NAFLD at Year 25

Characteristic	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysisa
	OR (95% CI)	P-value	AOR (95% CI)	P-value
Free testosterone at Year 2 (quintiles)	1.29 (1.10–1.51)	0.001	1.25 (1.04–1.50)	0.015
Age, per 5 years	1.01 (0.75–1.37)	0.933
White vs. black race	1.23 (0.79–1.90)	0.357
CARDIA center	0.98 (0.81–1.20)	0843
Hormonal birth control use	0.63 (0.39–1.03)	0.066
BMI (per 5 kg/m2)	1.36 (1.14–1.62)	<0.001	—	—
ΔBMI (per 5 kg/m2)	2.01 (1.69–2.40)	<0.001	—	—
Waist circumference (per 1 cm)	1.04 (1.03–1.06)	<0.001	1.05 (1.02–1.08)	<0.001
Δ Waist circumference (per 1 cm)	1.08 (1.06–1.10)	<0.001	1.08 (1.05–1.10)	<0.001
Triglycerides (per 20 mg/dl)	1.15 (1.06–1.26)	0.002	1.23 (1.09–1.39)	0.001
Δ Triglycerides (per 20 mg/dl)	1.14 (1.08–1.20)	<0.001	1.09 (1.03–1.15)	0.002
Total cholesterol (per 10 mg/dl)	1.01 (0.18–5.64)	0.989
A Total cholesterol (per 10 mg/dl)	2.15 (0.68–6.85)	0.193
LDL (per 10 mg/dl)	1.02 (0.95–1.09)	0.659
ΔLDL (per 10 mg/dl)	1.02 (0.95–1.09)	0.651
HDL (per 5 mg/dl)	0.93 (0.84–1.01)	0.095
ΔHDL (per 5 mg/dl)	0.81 (0.74–0.88)	<0.001	—	—
HOMA-IR (per unit)	1.26 (1.04–1.55)	0.018	0.81 (0.56–1.16)	0.243
Δ HOMA-IR (per unit)	1.32 (1.23–1.42)	<0.001	1.11 (1.04–1.18)	0.002

AOR, adjusted odds ratio; BMI, body mass index; CARDIA, Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults; CI, confidence interval; HDL, high-density lipoprotien; HOMA-IR, Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; OR, odds ratio.

Adjusted for baseline and change in metabolic covariates from Year 0 to 25

^aΔHDL, baseline and ΔBMI, and hormonal birth control use no longer significant on adjusted analysis (n=1,015).

^bΔ values reflect unit change from Years 0 to 25 to capture potential confounding effects of metabolic parameters over time.