Table 2.
HPV infection among women by sexual identity and sexual behaviour, 2003–2012 NHANES
| Any HPV infection
|
High-risk HPV infection*
|
Vaccine type HPV infection†
|
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bivariate
|
Multivariate
|
Bivariate
|
Multivariate
|
Bivariate
|
Multivariate
|
|||||||
| OR (95% CI) | p Value | OR (95% CI) | p Value | OR (95% CI) | p Value | OR (95% CI) | p Value | OR (95% CI) | p Value | OR (95% CI) | p Value | |
| Sexual identity | ||||||||||||
| Aggregated | ||||||||||||
| Heterosexual | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
| Non-heterosexual | 1.44 (1.16 to 1.78) | 0.001 | 0.83 (0.64 to 1.08) | 0.159 | 1.52 (1.20 to 1.93) | <0.001 | 0.91 (0.70 to 1.18) | 0.455 | 1.26 (0.92 to 1.72) | 0.152 | 0.75 (0.53 to 1.06) | 0.099 |
| Disaggregated | ||||||||||||
| Heterosexual | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
| Bisexual | 2.00 (1.47 to 2.73) | <0.001 | 0.96 (0.68 to 1.36) | 0.834 | 2.01 (1.47 to 2.75) | <0.001 | 0.99 (0.70 to 1.39) | 0.941 | 1.63 (1.10 to 2.43) | 0.015 | 0.79 (0.51 to 1.24) | 0.309 |
| Lesbian | 0.79 (0.49 to 1.27) | 0.326 | 0.43 (0.25 to 0.72) | 0.002 | 0.95 (0.52 to 1.71) | 0.853 | 0.56 (0.30 to 1.05) | 0.069 | 0.67 (0.32 to 1.41) | 0.287 | 0.41 (0.20 to 0.84) | 0.014 |
| Other | 1.15 (0.83 to 1.61) | 0.401 | 1.00 (0.69 to 1.44) | 0.996 | 1.21 (0.83 to 1.75) | 0.329 | 1.06 (0.71 to 1.58) | 0.768 | 1.05 (0.61 to 1.79) | 0.866 | 0.98 (0.55 to 1.73) | 0.934 |
| Sexual behaviour | ||||||||||||
| Aggregated | ||||||||||||
| Opposite-sex only | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
| Any same-sex | 1.87 (1.49 to 2.35) | <0.001 | 1.01 (0.78 to 1.32) | 0.916 | 1.55 (1.22 to 1.96) | <0.001 | 0.88 (0.68 to 1.15) | 0.345 | 1.47 (1.11 to 1.95) | 0.007 | 0.87 (0.64 to 1.18) | 0.374 |
| No sex | 0.36 (0.25 to 0.52) | <0.001 | 0.37 (0.25 to 0.55) | <0.001 | 0.35 (0.23 to 0.52) | <0.001 | 0.33 (0.22 to 0.51) | <0.001 | 0.47 (0.28 to 0.81) | 0.006 | 0.47 (0.28 to 0.79) | 0.004 |
| Disaggregated | ||||||||||||
| Opposite-sex only | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
| Both sexes | 1.92 (1.53 to 2.41) | <0.001 | 1.06 (0.81 to 1.37) | 0.684 | 1.57 (1.24 to 1.98) | <0.001 | 0.90 (0.69 to 1.17) | 0.436 | 1.50 (1.14 to 1.99) | 0.005 | 0.90 (0.66 to 1.23) | 0.500 |
| Same-sex only | 0.75 (0.29 to 1.95) | 0.554 | 0.30 (0.11 to 0.80) | 0.016 | 1.07 (0.39 to 2.93) | 0.900 | 0.45 (0.15 to 1.31) | 0.144 | 0.56 (0.15 to 2.09) | 0.392 | 0.25 (0.07 to 0.96) | 0.044 |
| No sex | 0.36 (0.25 to 0.52) | <0.001 | 0.37 (0.25 to 0.54) | <0.001 | 0.35 (0.23 to 0.52) | <0.001 | 0.33 (0.22 to 0.51) | <0.001 | 0.47 (0.28 to 0.81) | 0.006 | 0.47 (0.28 to 0.78) | 0.004 |
Bivariate models adjusted for NHANES survey cycle. Multivariate models adjusted for NHANES survey cycle and all demographic and health-related characteristics (except poverty status due to a large amount of missing data for this variable). Multivariate models included n=7000 women for sexual identity and n=7017 women for sexual behaviour.
*
High-risk (ie, oncogenic) HPV types included types 16, 18, 26, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 53, 56, 58, 59, 64, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 73, 82 and IS39.
†
Vaccine HPV types included types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52 and 58.
HPV, human papillomavirus; NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; Ref., referent group.