Table 4.

Summary of the key themes from qualitative responses on contextual influences on intervention delivery

Group support psychotherapy (GSP)		Group HIV education (GHE)
Group facilitators	Group members	Group facilitators	Group members
Facilitators of intervention delivery
Intrapersonal factors		Intrapersonal factors
Formal and informal training received	Keen interest and eagerness to learn	Some prior knowledge on HIV related issues	Keen interest and eagerness to learn Had some prior knowledge of the HIV topics
Prior mental health knowledge	Perceived GFs as supportive and respectful		Perceived GFs as supportive and respectful Adequate time was allocated to question and answer session
Program factors		Program factors
Availability of intervention manual	Provision of transport allowance	Availability of intervention manual	Provision of transport allowance
Intervention content easy to follow	Provision of refreshments during sessions	Intervention content easy to follow	Provision of refreshments during sessions
Provision of financial incentive	GFs never missed a group session	Provision of financial incentive	GFs never missed a group session
Open communication channels with trainers	Intervention content culturally sensitive	Open communication channels with trainers	Intervention content culturally sensitive
Gender and cultural factors		Gender and cultural factors
Allowed to elect their own group leader		Allowed to elect their own group leader
Allowed to have an opening and closing ritual		Allowed to have an opening and closing ritual
Allowed to give the group a traditional name		Allowed to give the group a traditional name
Having gender specific sessions		Having gender specific sessions
Barriers of intervention delivery
Intrapersonal factors		Intrapersonal factors
Impatience with slow learners and those intoxicated with alcohol	Poor time management	Feelings of guilt experienced when not able to teach coping skills yet GMs were emotionally unwell and some were intoxicated with alcohol	Some GMs were always intoxicated with alcohol
Limited knowledge on emotional self-care	Some GMs were always intoxicated with alcohol	Limited knowledge of ART medications
Program factors		Program factors
Intervention manual was not translated to the local language	Absence of writing material for GMs	Intervention manual was not translated to the local language	Some GMs were unhappy and disgruntled when they realized that they were not learning the same skills taught in GSP
	A few GMs complained of long distances between their homes and meeting venue	Sessions lacked information on Alcohol use problems	Absence of writing material for GMs who needed them
Financial incentive considered inadequate by the male GFs	Change of meeting venue without prior notice	Financial incentive considered inadequate by the male GFs	GMs not allowed to share their personal experiences
Lack of a co-facilitator increased work load	Time allocated for sharing personal problems not enough for GMs	Sessions not interactive and did not include practical sessions	No practical sessions given
Group size of 10–12 considered large given the multiple problems of PLWH	Meeting venue in mental health clinics were unpleasant to GMs	Lack of a co-facilitator increased work load
Gender and cultural factors		Gender and cultural factors
	GMs missed sessions due conflicting work schedules and burial attendances		Some husbands refused to grant permission to their wives to attend sessions Female GMs brought children to group sessions