ZmTps21-derived products inhibit Fusarium spp. fungi in vitro and correspond with improved disease resistance in vivo. A and B, Average (n = 8; ±se) fungal growth estimates (600-nm OD) of F. verticillioides (F.v.; A) and F. graminearum (F.g.; B) in liquid medium in the presence of β-costic acid at 0 (white circles), 25 (black circles), and 100 (triangles) µg mL−1. C and D, Average (n = 4; ±se) ratio of fungal DNA-to-plant DNA levels present in maize roots 7 d after damage and inoculation with 100 μL of either water or 1 × 107 conida mL−1
F. verticillioides (C) and F. graminearum (D) in B73, Mo17, and IBM NILs harboring active (+; m065) and inactive (−; m050) alleles of ZmTps21. Within plots, different letters (a–c) represent significant differences (all ANOVA, P < 0.05; Tukey’s test corrections for multiple comparisons, P < 0.05).