Figure 8.

Effects of carnosic acid or carnosol on Arabidopsis thylakoid membranes exposed to high light. Thylakoid suspensions were exposed to white light of photon flux density (PFD) 1,500 μmol photons m⁻² s⁻¹ for 2 h. A, Decrease in chlorophyll content after light treatment. B, HOTE with or without the addition of 50 μm carnosic acid (CA) or carnosol (CARN) to the membrane suspensions. Asterisks indicate significant differences from control at P < 0.05 (*) and P < 0.005 (***) by Student’s t test.