Phenotypic symbiotic characterization of Ljnpf8.6 mutants. A to D, Histochemical detection of β-galactosidase activity to test M. loti (carrying the hemA::lacZ-expressing plasmid) density in young and mature nodules of wild-type (A and C) and 49638 (B and D) plants. E to H, Whole-mount NBT staining for O2− anion detection of wild-type (E and G) and 49638 (F and H) nodule primordia and mature nodules. I and J, Sections (100 μm) of wild-type (I) and 49638 (J) mature nodules stained with NBT. Arrows indicate staining in the parenchyma (p) and nodular vascular bundles (vb). K, Quantification of NBT staining in wild-type (wt) and 49638 mutant lines. Data bars represent means and se of nodules from three independent samples (eight plants per experiment). Asterisks indicate significant differences from wild-type values (P < 0.05). FW, Fresh weight.