Microinjection Fos plumes. Fos plumes were mapped around DAMGO and orexin microinjections at three sites in the cortex: the OFC hotspot (A), the OFC/insula coldspot (B), and the insula hotspot (C). DAMGO produced excitatory outer plumes in the rostral OFC and caudal insula but an inhibitory outer plume in the OFC/insula middle zone and excitatory inner plumes in all three sites. Orexin produced similar inhibitory outer and excitatory inner plumes at all three sites. Drug-induced radius and percent intensity change in Fos from vehicle microinjections are shown for DAMGO and orexin microinjections. (D) Sizes of plumes used for symbol mapping; these sizes were stable across cortical sites. DAMGO: outer plume: F(2,23) = 2.967, P = 0.073; inner plume: F(2,23) = 0.311, P = 0.736; orexin: outer plume: F(2,18) = 0.659, P = 0.531; inner plume: F(2,23) = 0.086, P = 0.918.