Table 11.
Adverse effects of infant birth weight in relation to maternal environmental exposure and genetic polymorphisms
| Environmental exposure | Maternal genetic polymorphism | Maternal risk genotypes | Birth weight reduction (g) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active smoking | AhR (G>A, Arg554Lys) | Arg/Arg | −211 | [22] |
| CYP1A1 (m1/m2) | m1/m2 + m2/m2 | −170 | ||
| GSTM1 (non-null/null) | Null | −171 | ||
| Combination with AhR (G>A, Arg554Lys) and CYP1A1 (m1/m2) | Arg/Arg (AhR) and m1/m2 + m2/m2 (CYP1A1) | −315 | ||
| Combination with CYP1A1 (m1/m2) and GSTM1 (non-null/null) | m1/m2 + m2/m2 (CYP1A1) and null (GSTM1) | −237 | ||
| NQO1 (C>T, Pro187Ser) | Pro/Pro | −159 | [62] | |
| CYP2E1 (c1/c2) | c1/c1 | −195 | ||
| MTHFR (A1298C) | AA | −106 | [63] | |
| CYP1A1 (A>G, Ile462Val) | AG/GG | −62 | [61] | |
| XRCC1 (C>T, Arg194Trp) | CT/TT | −59 | ||
| Combination with AhR (G>A, Arg554Lys), CYP1A1 (A>G, Ile462Val), and XRCC1 (C>T, Arg194Trp) | GG (AhR), AG/GG (CYP1A1), and CT/TT (XRCC1) | −145 | ||
| Dioxin (total TEQ) | GSTM1 (non-null/null) | Null | −345 | [59] |
AhR, aromatic hydrocarbon receptor, CYP1A1 cytochrome P450 1A1, CYP2E1 cytochrome P450 2E1, GSTM1 glutathione S-transferase mu 1, MTHFR, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, NQO1 nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate quinone oxidase 1, XRCC1 X-ray cross-complementing gene 1, TEQ toxicity equivalency quantity