Table 3.
Multivariate OR and 95% CI of higher SPSI-R and subscales according to physical activity
| Physical activity | P value for linear trend | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Do not exercise | Exercise but not regularly | Exercise regularly | ||||
| And never think about doing so | But intend to start | Try to exercise | ||||
| No. of subjects | 20 | 43 | 55 | 35 | 32 | |
| SPSI-R | ||||||
| No. of subjects with higher SPSI-R | 6 | 20 | 23 | 20 | 24 | |
| Crude OR (95% CI) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 2.03 (0.68–6.65) | 1.68 (0.58–5.34) | 3.11 (1.00–10.60) | 7.00 (2.11–26.13) | < 0.01 |
| Multivariate adjusted OR (95% CI) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 2.08 (0.69–6.93) | 1.62 (0.55–5.26) | 2.78 (0.86–9.77) | 6.23 (1.81–23.97) | < 0.01 |
| PPO | ||||||
| Multivariate adjusted OR (95% CI) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.04 (0.35–3.02) | 0.90 (0.32–2.53) | 0.87 (0.28–2.68) | 1.50 (0.47–4.81) | 0.58 |
| NPO | ||||||
| Multivariate adjusted OR (95% CI) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 0.74 (0.22–2.28) | 0.66 (0.20–1.94) | 0.42 (0.12–1.34) | 0.27 (0.07–0.88) | 0.01 |
| RPS | ||||||
| Multivariate adjusted OR (95% CI) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 0.71 (0.24–2.08) | 0.93 (0.33–2.64) | 0.79 (0.25–2.45) | 2.37 (0.73–8.00) | 0.10 |
| Multivariate adjusted OR (95% CI) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.25 (0.43–3.66) | 1.18 (0.42–3.33) | 0.73 (0.23–2.26) | 1.83 (0.57–5.97) | 0.64 |
| GAS | ||||||
| Multivariate adjusted OR (95% CI) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.18 (0.40–3.49) | 0.94 (0.33–2.70) | 1.37 (0.44–4.35) | 2.66 (0.80–9.16) | 0.10 |
| DM | ||||||
| Multivariate adjusted OR (95% CI) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.01 (0.33–3.13) | 1.00 (0.34–3.01) | 3.34 (1.03–11.47) | 3.67 (1.10–13.10) | < 0.01 |
| SIV | ||||||
| Multivariate adjusted OR (95% CI) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 0.46 (0.15–1.34) | 0.74 (0.24–2.12) | 0.82 (0.25–2.59) | 1.61 (0.46–5.64) | 0.12 |
| ICS | ||||||
| Multivariate adjusted OR (95% CI) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.38 (0.45–4.16) | 0.94 (0.32–2.68) | 0.58 (0.18–1.81) | 0.48 (0.14–1.51) | 0.04 |
| AS | ||||||
| Multivariate adjusted OR (95% CI) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 0.70 (0.22–2.08) | 0.60 (0.20–1.70) | 0.53 (0.16–1.66) | 0.35 (0.10–1.11) | 0.07 |
Abbreviations: AS avoidance style, CI confidence interval, DM decision making, GAS generation of alternative solutions, ICS impulsivity/carelessness style, NPO negative problem orientation, OR odds ratio, PDF problem definition and formulation, PPO positive problem orientation, RPS rational problem solving, SIV solution implementation and verification, and SPSI-R Social Problem-Solving Inventory–Revised
The outcomes were higher for SPSI-R, PPO, NPO, RPS, PDF, GAS, DM, SIV, ICS, and AS
Multivariate ORs were adjusted for age in years (continuous variable), sex (men or women), and living alone (yes or no)
The p value for the linear trend was estimated using the five categories of physical activity as a continuous variable