Table 1.

Demographic characteristics of the sample (n = 115).

Demographics	Intervention (n = 63)		Control (n = 52)		t-test
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	t a	df	p
Age in Years	13.44	2.734	15.31	3.387	−3.265	113	0.001
						Chi-Square Test
	n	%	n	%	χ2 b	df	p
Gender
Male	48	76.2	34	65.4	1.140	1	0.286
Female	15	23.8	18	34.6
Education Level
Primary	22	34.9	11	21.2	2.009	1	0.156
Secondary	41	65.1	41	78.8
Birth Place
Hong Kong	48	84.2	37	71.2	2.724	2	0.256
Mainland China	8	14.0	13	25.0
Others	1	1.8	2	3.8
Religion
None	37	67.3	29	55.8	7.725	4	0.102
Christianity	12	21.8	15	28.8
Catholic	0	0.0	5	9.6
Buddhism	5	9.1	3	5.8
Others	1	1.8	0	0.0
Family Monthly Income in USD c
>3200	14	35.0	9	22.0	3.218	3	0.359
2000–3200	13	32.5	15	36.6
1000–2000	11	27.5	11	26.8
<1000	2	5.0	6	14.6
Receiving Government Subsidy
No	40	88.9	41	83.7	0.187	1	0.665
Yes	5	11.1	8	16.3
Paternal Education Attainment
Illiterate	0	0.0	1	2.0	3.021	4	0.554
Primary School	11	23.4	8	16.0
Lower Secondary	10	21.3	16	32.0
Upper Secondary	16	34.0	17	34.0
Post-Secondary	10	21.3	8	16.0
Maternal Education Attainment
Primary School	12	26.1	11	22.0	0.588	3	0.899
Lower Secondary	13	28.3	16	32.0
Upper Secondary	17	37.0	17	34.0
Post-Secondary	4	8.7	6	12.0
Parents Married
No	9	17.0	9	18.4	0.000	1	1.000
Yes	44	83.0	40	81.6
Parents Living Together
No	14	26.4	11	22.4	0.055	1	0.814
Yes	39	73.6	38	77.6
Parents Divorced
No	46	86.8	42	85.7	0.000	1	1.000
Yes	7	13.2	7	14.3
Living With Both Parents
No	15	27.3	18	34.6	0.375	1	0.540
Yes	40	72.7	34	65.4
Living With Siblings
No	27	49.1	22	42.3	0.260	1	0.610
Yes	28	50.9	30	57.7
Living With Grandparents or Relatives
No	39	70.9	44	84.6	2.152	1	0.142
Yes	16	29.1	8	15.4

^a Independent sample t-test, 2-tailed; ^b Chi square test, 2-sided; ^c United States dollars.