Table 5.
Odds ratios for ever, current and regular measures of e-cigarette use of e-cigarette use for former smokers who quit more than three years, CPS-TUS, 2014/5.
| Variable | Category | Ever Use of an E-Cigarette | Current Use (≥1 of Past 30 Days) | Regular Use (≥20 of Past 30 Days) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ORΔ | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | ||
| Intercept | 0.02 *** | 0.010–0.042 | 0.00 *** | 0.001–0.013 | 0.00 *** | 0.001–0.022 | |
| Sex (ref: Female) |
Male | 0.57 | 0.284–1.153 | 1.49 | 0.374–5.907 | 0.32 | 0.062–1.687 |
| Age (ref: 35–44) |
18–24 | 3.69 *** | 2.095–6.490 | 1.11 | 0.260–4.730 | 0.83 | 0.119–5.741 |
| 25–34 | 2.29 *** | 1.796–2.914 | 1.48 | 0.877–2.483 | 1.54 | 0.773–3.084 | |
| 45–64 | 0.47 *** | 0.377–0.594 | 0.49 *** | 0.291–0.817 | 0.45 ** | 0.230–0.863 | |
| 65+ | 0.13 *** | 0.090–0.178 | 0.14 *** | 0.066–0.290 | 0.15 *** | 0.062–0.382 | |
| Race (ref: White) |
Asian | 0.96 | 0.507–1.804 | 0.00 *** | 0.000–0.000 | 0.00 *** | 0.000–0.000 |
| Black | 0.66 * | 0.416–1.050 | 0.48 | 0.144–1.625 | 0.50 | 0.117–2.132 | |
| Other races | 1.09 | 0.630–1.885 | 1.63 | 0.629–4.215 | 0.28 | 0.040–1.934 | |
| Hispanic (ref: Non-Hispanic) |
Hispanic | 1.02 | 0.731–1.422 | 0.79 | 0.364–1.707 | 0.95 | 0.402–2.233 |
| Education (ref: Less than 12 years) |
High school degree | 1.17 | 0.634–2.145 | 1.46 | 0.397–5.370 | 1.25 | 0.315–4.982 |
| Associate degree | 1.48 | 0.818–2.676 | 1.06 | 0.300–3.742 | 0.79 | 0.207–2.978 | |
| College degree or higher | 1.03 | 0.554–1.915 | 0.63 | 0.165–2.411 | 0.36 | 0.077–1.639 | |
| Family income (ref: $0–$19,999) |
$20,000–$39,999 | 0.81 | 0.591–1.098 | 1.44 | 0.731–2.832 | 1.34 | 0.577–3.131 |
| $40,000–$74,999 | 0.75 * | 0.546–1.017 | 1.06 | 0.523–2.145 | 0.96 | 0.395–2.324 | |
| $75,000 or more | 0.94 | 0.673–1.303 | 0.94 | 0.411–2.142 | 0.71 | 0.271–1.858 | |
| Marital status (ref: Married-Spouse Present) |
Never Married | 1.73 *** | 1.367–2.179 | 1.39 | 0.830–2.334 | 1.32 | 0.698–2.485 |
| Married-Spouse Absent or Widowed/Divorced/Separated | 1.59 *** | 1.277–1.988 | 1.71 ** | 1.037–2.817 | 1.17 | 0.651–2.105 | |
| Employment status (ref: Employed) |
Not in labor force or unemployed | 1.14 | 0.873–1.480 | 1.02 | 0.565–1.834 | 1.27 | 0.578–2.802 |
| Metropolitan status (ref: Non-MSA) |
MSA | 1.43 *** | 1.130–1.800 | 1.30 | 0.831–2.032 | 0.92 | 0.524–1.627 |
| Indoor workers (ref: No) |
Yes | 1.05 | 0.842–1.318 | 1.14 | 0.680–1.913 | 1.39 | 0.699–2.746 |
| Smokeless tobacco use § (ref: No) |
Yes | 3.52 *** | 2.838–4.374 | 1.35 | 0.563–3.246 | 0.00 *** | 0.000–0.000 |
| State level cigarette tax ranking † (ref: Lowest quarter) |
Med-low quarter | 1.21 | 0.852–1.722 | 0.93 | 0.442–1.935 | 0.91 | 0.370–2.242 |
| Med-high quarter | 1.27 | 0.892–1.800 | 1.03 | 0.497–2.145 | 1.02 | 0.428–2.428 | |
| Highest quarter | 1.50 * | 0.984–2.295 | 1.60 | 0.621–4.126 | 1.31 | 0.444–3.890 | |
| Tobacco control spending per capita † (ref: Lowest quarter) |
Med-low quarter | 1.22 | 0.928–1.594 | 1.54 | 0.852–2.775 | 1.47 | 0.703–3.054 |
| Med-high quarter | 1.16 | 0.883–1.516 | 1.44 | 0.793–2.615 | 1.16 | 0.525–2.562 | |
| Highest quarter | 1.04 | 0.750–1.432 | 1.20 | 0.569–2.515 | 1.03 | 0.364–2.931 | |
| State level worksite smoking ban | Highest level | 0.83 | 0.626–1.092 | 1.01 | 0.570–1.790 | 1.07 | 0.535–2.145 |
| State level worksite e-cigarette ban | Highest level | 1.42 | 0.928–2.164 | 0.52 | 0.151–1.821 | 0.45 | 0.055–3.634 |
| State level e-cigarette tax (ref: No) |
Yes | 0.51 * | 0.240–1.068 | 1.14 | 0.291–4.495 | 3.11 | 0.509–18.966 |
| Survey time (ref: July 2014) |
Jan 2015 | 1.10 | 0.892–1.346 | 1.40 | 0.871–2.239 | 1.48 | 0.798–2.747 |
| May 2015 | 1.14 | 0.923–1.398 | 1.57 * | 0.983–2.515 | 1.79 * | 0.969–3.298 | |
| Census division (ref: Pacific) |
East North Central | 1.20 | 0.819–1.768 | 0.81 | 0.338–1.932 | 0.80 | 0.243–2.653 |
| East South Central | 1.28 | 0.820–1.998 | 2.45 ** | 1.031–5.806 | 2.22 | 0.705–6.967 | |
| Middle Atlantic | 0.83 | 0.553–1.256 | 0.28 ** | 0.083–0.952 | 0.10 ** | 0.010–0.916 | |
| Mountain | 1.61 ** | 1.104–2.344 | 2.09 * | 0.913–4.797 | 2.11 | 0.672–6.599 | |
| New England | 0.65 * | 0.408–1.033 | 0.49 | 0.165–1.430 | 0.36 | 0.074–1.785 | |
| South Atlantic | 1.05 | 0.724–1.529 | 1.29 | 0.600–2.762 | 1.26 | 0.458–3.458 | |
| West North Central | 1.36 | 0.888–2.075 | 1.09 | 0.428–2.788 | 0.54 | 0.133–2.215 | |
| West South Central | 1.24 | 0.835–1.827 | 2.21 * | 0.938–5.188 | 2.98 * | 0.960–9.259 | |
Δ Odds ratio and significance level of p-value: “***” < 0.01; 0.01 < “**” < 0.05; 0.05 < “*” ≤0.1. § The smokeless tobacco use measure in each model corresponds to the e-cigarette use measure. † Data for state level cigarette tax ranking are based on the January 2015 level and for per capita tobacco control spending are for the year 2015.