Table 2.
Percentage of children who experienced early introduction of foods or drinks with free sugars, by socioeconomic status (SES) and other covariates.
| Characteristics | Complete Case | With Imputation | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Per Cent | 95% CI | Per Cent | 95% CI | |
| Total % with Early Introduction of Foods or Drinks with Free Sugars | 21.4 | 19.1‒23.7 | ||
| Household income | ||||
| Q1 (lowest) (≤AU$40,000) | 35.9 | 29.4‒42.3 | 37.0 | 29.8‒44.7 |
| Q2 (AU$40,000–80,000) | 23.8 | 20.0‒27.7 | 25.5 | 21.3‒30.1 |
| Q3 (AU$80,000–120,000) | 18.3 | 14.6‒22.0 | 17.8 | 14.1‒22.1 |
| Q4 (highest) (AU$120,000+) | 11.4 | 8.1‒15.4 | 11.0 | 7.6‒15.2 |
| Mother’s soft drink consumption | ||||
| Everyday | 42.9 | 31.1‒55.3 | 43.7 | 31.9‒56.0 |
| Sometime | 23.6 | 20.1‒27.0 | 23.3 | 20.0‒26.9 |
| Never | 16.3 | 13.3‒19.7 | 16.6 | 13.6‒19.9 |
| Breastfeeding at 3 months | ||||
| Yes | 16.5 | 14.3‒19.0 | 17.3 | 14.9‒19.9 |
| No | 33.9 | 29.1‒38.8 | 33.9 | 28.6‒39.5 |
| Mother’s fruit consumption | ||||
| Everyday | 18.1 | 15.4‒20.8 | 18.1 | 15.5‒20.9 |
| Sometime/Never | 27.7 | 23.5‒32.2 | 26.9 | 22.6‒31.5 |
| Maternal age at birth (years) | ||||
| ≤24 years | 34.3 | 27.3‒41.2 | 36.0 | 28.3‒44.2 |
| 25–34 years | 20.8 | 18.3‒23.5 | 20.6 | 17.9‒23.6 |
| 35+ years | 15.9 | 11.8‒20.1 | 15.4 | 11.2‒20.5 |
| Maternal education attainment | ||||
| School | 27.8 | 22.8–32.8 | 27.7 | 22.8‒32.7 |
| Vocational | 24.7 | 20.4‒29.1 | 24.6 | 20.3‒28.8 |
| Some university or higher | 17.5 | 14.9‒20.2 | 17.4 | 14.8‒20.1 |
| Mother’s country of birth | ||||
| Australia, NZ and UK | 21.2 | 18.8‒23.7 | 20.7 | 18.1‒23.5 |
| Asia-other | 17.9 | 12.3‒24.7 | 19.0 | 12.9‒26.5 |
| India | 35.1 | 26.4‒44.6 | 36.0 | 26.5‒46.8 |
| Other | 16.9 | 9.1‒26.3 | 17.8 | 9.8‒28.5 |
| Indigenous | ||||
| Yes | 35.3 | 14.2‒61.7 | 38.4 | 12.0‒64.9 |
| No | 21.6 | 19.5‒23.8 | 21.3 | 19.0‒23.6 |
| Single parent | ||||
| Yes | 32.6 | 23.4‒42.0 | 32.0 | 21.4‒42.6 |
| No | 20.8 | 18.7‒23.0 | 20.7 | 18.3‒23.0 |
| Total number of children | ||||
| 3+ children | 30.0 | 24.2‒36.4 | 32.8 | 26.1‒39.5 |
| 2 children | 20.0 | 16.7‒23.8 | 19.4 | 15.6‒23.1 |
| 1 child | 19.7 | 16.8‒22.9 | 19.4 | 16.3‒22.6 |
| Mother’s work status prior to the birth | ||||
| Unemployed/home duties | 27.9 | 23.4‒32.7 | 27.8 | 22.8‒33.0 |
| Self-employed | 16.4 | 7.6‒25.3 | 17.2 | 7.5‒27.0 |
| Part-time | 21.5 | 17.8‒25.6 | 21.6 | 17.4‒25.7 |
| Full-time | 18.3 | 15.2‒21.7 | 17.9 | 14.5‒21.3 |
Per cent: Percentage of children introduced to foods or drinks during age six to nine months. 95% CI: 95% confidence intervals of per cent.