Table 3.
Associations between low maternal education, borderline/pathological mother-child relations, and children’s mental health difficulties as adjusted odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals (CI).
| Children Mental Health | Cases (Problem) N (%) |
Maternal Low Education Adjusted † Odds Ratios (95% CI) |
Borderline/Pathological Mother-Child Relations Adjusted †† Odds Ratios (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| No problem (referent group) | Referent: higher education-1 | Referent: normal relations-1 | |
| Yes emotional symptoms | 245 (17.3) | 1.43 * (1.00–2.05) | 2.06 * (1.53–2.77) |
| Yes conduct problems | 195 (13.8) | 1.32 (0.89–1.96) | 1.83 * (1.32–2.54) |
| Yes hyperactivity | 215 (15.2) | 1.31 (0.89–1.92) | 1.04 (0.75–1.44) |
| Yes peer problems | 202 (14.3) | 1.36 (0.92–2.00) | 1.47 * (1.06–2.02) |
| Yes total difficulties | 230 (16.2) | 1.44 * (1.02–2.08) | 1.69 * (1.24–2.31) |
* p < 0.05. † Adjusted for: marital status, smoking, age at childbirth, the child’s sex, birth weight, siblings, and sedentary behavior. †† Adjusted for: marital status, education, smoking, age at childbirth, the child’s sex, birth weight, siblings, and sedentary behavior.