Table 2.
Associations between physical inactivity prevalence and independent variables in adolescents by gender
| Independent variable | Boys | Girls | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| UOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | UOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | |
| Demographic/biological | ||||
| Age in years | ||||
| 14–15 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 16–17 | 0.54 (0.30–0.96)* | 0.54 (0.29–1.01) | 1.76 (0.92–3.36) | 1.56 (0.80–3.02) |
| 18–19 | 0.75 (0.39–1.42) | 0.51 (0.25–1.02) | 1.67 (0.75–3.72) | 1.60 (0.71–3.64) |
| Education level of parents | ||||
| Illiterate mother (reference = educated) | 0.98 (0.62–1.56) | 1.19 (0.63–2.22) | ||
| Illiterate father (reference = educated) | 0.97 (0.52–1.83) | 0.52 (0.24–1.11) | 0.41 (0.18–0.92)* | |
| Perceived family income | ||||
| Lower | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Average | 0.94 (0.40–2.21) | 1.34 (0.30–6.02) | ||
| Higher | 1.38 (0.71–2.68) | 0.69 (0.20–2.38) | ||
| Being hunger (sometimes/mostly/always) | 2.65 (1.36–5.15)** | 4.13 (1.95–8.75)*** | 1.47 (0.56–3.88) | |
| Psychological | ||||
| Loneliness (mostly/always) | 0.81 (0.45–1.45) | 1.26 (0.65–2.46) | ||
| Anxiety (mostly/always) | 0.72 (0.42–1.25) | 1.57 (0.74–3.35) | ||
| Suicidal ideation (reference = no) | 0.45 (0.24–0.83)** | 0.35 (0.17–0.71)** | 1.04 (0.48–2.24) | |
| No close friends (reference = 1 friend or more) | 1.01 (0.45–2.26) | 1.83 (0.54–6.17) | ||
| Behavioral | ||||
| Skipping breakfast (reference = sometimes/mostly/always) | 1.11 (0.59–2.12) | 0.80 (0.43–1.51) | ||
| Inadequate fruit consumption (<2 servings) | 1.11 (0.70–1.75) | 1.37 (0.74–2.53) | ||
| Inadequate vegetable consumption (<3 servings) | 2.20 (1.38–3.52)*** | 2.48 (1.51–4.08)*** | 1.05 (0.56–1.95) | |
| Not walking or biking to school (less than 5 days) | 1.34 (0.80–2.24) | 1.33 (0.69–2.59) | ||
| No attendance of physical education (2 or more times) | 2.53 (1.15–5.57)* | 2.89 (1.27–6.57)** | 1.18 (0.51–2.76) | |
| Physical fight (1 or more times) | 1.06 (0.67–1.68) | 1.10 (0.53–2.29) | ||
| Tobacco use (1 or more times) | 1.14 (0.69–1.88) | – | ||
| Alcohol/illicit drug use (reference = 0 time) | 0.74 (0.43–1.27) | – | ||
| Absenteeism (reference = 0 day) | 1.04 (0.66–1.65) | 1.33 (0.71–2.52) | ||
| Social | ||||
| Lack of peer support in school (reference = mostly/always) | 0.99 (0.62–1.59) | 1.55 (0.86–2.81) | 1.41 (0.77–2.61) | |
| Lack of parental/guardian supervision (reference = mostly/always) | 1.09 (0.68–1.75) | 1.93 (1.08–3.45)* | 1.56 (0.84–2.92) | |
| Lack of parental/guardian connectivity (reference = mostly/always) | 0.78 (0.44–1.38) | 0.93 (0.48–1.78) | ||
| Lack of parental/guardian bonding (reference = mostly/always) | 1.08 (0.65–1.79) | 1.70 (0.95–3.04) | 1.58 (0.84–2.97) | |
| Bullied (1 day or more) | 1.13 (0.46–2.76) | 1.16 (0.63–2.12) | ||
UOR unadjusted odds ratio, AOR adjusted odds ratio, CI confidence interval
*P < 0.05; ** P ≤ 0.01; *** P ≤ 0.001