Table 3.
Associations between sedentary behavior prevalence and independent variables in adolescents by gender
| Independent variable | Boys | Girls | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| UOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | UOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | |
| Demographic/biological | ||||
| Age in years | ||||
| 14–15 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 16–17 | 1.47 (0.85–2.53) | 1.60 (0.87–2.91) | 0.45 (0.28–0.71)*** | 0.46 (0.27–0.77)** |
| 18–19 | 0.91 (0.50–1.65) | 1.10 (0.55–2.18) | 0.42 (0.24–0.74)** | 0.38 (0.20–0.72)** |
| Education level of parents | ||||
| Illiterate mother (reference = educated) | 0.55 (0.35–0.87)** | 0.72 (0.43–1.20) | 0.65 (0.42–1.00) | 0.93 (0.55–1.58) |
| Illiterate father (reference = educated) | 0.58 (0.30–1.13) | 0.74 (0.35–1.55) | 0.61 (0.32–1.17) | 0.70 (0.31–1.57) |
| Perceived family income | ||||
| Lower | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Average | 2.33 (0.90–6.02) | 2.03 (0.73–5.65) | 0.82 (0.33–2.04) | |
| Higher | 2.36 (1.09–5.09)* | 1.82 (0.79–4.18) | 1.11 (0.51–2.42) | |
| Being hunger (sometimes/mostly/always) | 0.58 (0.33–1.03) | 0.57 (0.30–1.10) | 0.88 (0.48–1.62) | |
| Psychological | ||||
| Loneliness (mostly/always) | 0.80 (0.45–1.45) | 1.79 (1.16–2.77)** | 1.42 (0.84–2.40) | |
| Anxiety (mostly/always) | 0.98 (0.57–1.70) | 1.56 (0.98–2.49) | 1.11 (0.64–1.93) | |
| Suicidal ideation (reference = no) | 1.92 (1.05–3.54)* | 1.98 (0.96–4.06) | 2.05 (1.22–3.43)** | 1.22 (0.66–2.26) |
| No close friends (reference = 1 friend or more) | 0.94 (0.43–2.06) | 0.53 (0.25–1.12) | 0.45 (0.20–1.03) | |
| Behavioral | ||||
| Skipping breakfast (reference = sometimes/mostly/always) | 1.15 (0.63–2.10) | 1.80 (1.15–2.81)** | 1.45 (0.88–2.40) | |
| Inadequate of fruit consumption (<2 servings) | 0.85 (0.55–1.32) | 0.62 (0.40–0.93)* | 0.79 (0.49–1.27) | |
| Inadequate of vegetable consumption (<3 servings) | 0.56 (0.36–0.88)* | 0.56 (0.35–0.90)* | 0.67 (0.44–1.03) | 0.66 (0.41–1.07) |
| Not walking or biking to school (less than 5 days) | 1.27 (0.79–2.05) | 0.60 (0.38–0.95)* | 0.70 (0.42–1.16) | |
| No attendance of physical education (2 or more times) | 1.41 (0.77–2.58) | 0.86 (0.49–1.52) | ||
| Physical fight (1 or more times) | 1.64 (1.06–2.56) | 1.49 (0.91–2.43) | 2.40 (1.47–3.92)*** | 1.41 (0.79–2.51) |
| Tobacco use (1 or more times) | 1.42 (0.89–2.26) | 1.02 (0.60–1.74) | 2.14 (0.73–6.28) | 1.66 (0.47–5.87) |
| Alcohol/illicit drug use (reference = 0 time) | 1.38 (0.82–2.34) | 2.24 (0.70-7.18) | ||
| Absenteeism (reference = 0 day) | 1.93 (1.23–3.03)** | 1.67 (1.02–2.73)* | 2.56 (1.68–3.90)*** | 2.20 (1.35–3.60)** |
| Social | ||||
| Lack of peer support in school (reference = mostly/always) | 0.69 (0.44–1.08) | 0.71 (0.44–1.17) | 0.76 (0.50–1.15) | 0.80 (0.50–1.29) |
| Lack of parental/guardian supervision (reference = mostly or always) | 0.82 (0.52–1.29) | 0.73 (0.49–1.10) | 0.75 (0.47–1.19) | |
| Lack of parental/guardian connectivity (reference = mostly/always) | 1.21 (0.71–2.07) | 1.31 (0.83–2.06) | ||
| Lack of parental/guardian bonding (reference = mostly/always) | 0.96 (0.59–1.56) | 0.78 (0.52–1.17) | ||
| Bullied (1 day or more) | 0.87 (0.37–2.06) | 1.89 (1.25–2.85)** | 1.50 (0.94–2.40) | |
UOR unadjusted odds ratio, AOR adjusted odds ratio CI confidence interval
*P < 0.05; **P ≤ 0.01; ***P ≤ 0.001