Table 1.
The characteristics of the study subjects based on lung function
| Total (n = 12,705) | Normal (n = 11,785) |
AL | p Value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mild (n = 469) |
Moderate-to-very severe (n = 451) | |||||||
| Men (n = 6,010) |
Women (n = 5,775) |
Men (n = 257) |
Women (212) |
Men (n = 394) |
Women (n = 57) |
Men | Women | |
| Age, yr | 56.4 (9.8) | 55.1 (9.6) | 63.0 (10.5)** | 57.4 (10.6)** | 59.7 (11.0)**## | 55.4 (12.1) | <0.001 | 0.002 |
| Height, cm | 167.7 (6.2) | 155.6 (5.7) | 166.2 (6.5)** | 155.6 (5.4) | 167.8 (6.4)## | 156.3 (7.0) | <0.001 | 0.626 |
| Weight, kg | 66.9 (9.7) | 53.6 (8.4) | 64.5 (8.8)** | 54.2 (8.3) | 66.3 (9.8) | 52.7 (7.9) | <0.001 | 0.457 |
| Abdominal circumference, cm | 85.4 (7.8) | 81.0 (8.9) | 84.4 (6.9) | 82.7 (7.8)* | 85.7 (8.2) | 80.5 (8.4) | 0.122 | 0.023 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 23.7 (2.9) | 22.1 (3.3) | 23.3 (2.7) | 22.4 (3.0) | 23.5 (3.0) | 21.6 (2.8) | 0.03 | 0.243 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 121.1 (16.8) | 118.3 (17.8) | 123.2 (18.9) | 123.6 (18.4)** | 125.8 (18.3)** | 125.9 (18.0)* | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 76.2 (11.9) | 72.8 (11.9) | 75.1 (11.6) | 75.4 (12.7)* | (74.8 (12.1) | 72.0 (10.3) | 0.032 | 0.006 |
| Smoking status, n (%) | ||||||||
| Never smokers | 1,995 (33.2) | 5,216 (90.3) | 71 (27.6) | 192 (90.6) | (81 (20.5) | 51 (89.5) | ||
| Former smokers | 2,298 (38.2) | 257 (4.5) | (116 (45.1) | 9 (4.2) | (165 (41.9) | 4 (7.0) | ||
| Current smokers | 1,717 (28.6) | 302 (5.2) | (70 (27.3) | 11 (5.2) | 148 (37.6) | 2 (3.5) | <0.001 | 0.881 |
| Pack-years | 18.3 (20.1) | 1.2 (4.7) | 24.4 (24.4)** | 1.9 (7.6) | 28.6 (25.9)**# | 1.3 (4.2) | <0.001 | 0.081 |
| Lung function | ||||||||
| FVC, mL | 4,029.0 (642.6) | 3,280.0 (776.8) | 4,227.6 (645.7)** | 3,490.5 (787.2)** | 3,242.4 (618.9)**## | 2,306.0 (468.6)**## | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| FEV1, mL | 3,226.1 (519.0) | 2,645.3 (628.8) | 2,789.2 (445.5)** | 2,275.7 (506.7)** | 2,023.2 (444.8)**## | 1,427.0 (308.2)**## | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| FEV1/FVC, % | 80.2 (5.2) | 80.8 (5.3) | 66.0 (3.3)** | 65.4 (3.8)** | 62.3 (6.8)**## | 62.0 (6.7)**## | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| FEV1 % predicted, % | 98.8 (14.0) | 120.8 (29.2) | 92.3 (11.7)** | 105.7 (19.9) | 63.8 (00312.4)**## | 65.1 (12.1)**## | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Laboratory data | ||||||||
| Fasting glucose, mg/dL | 102.2 (19.5) | 97.9 (17.5) | 104.2 (19.2) | 100.1 (18.7) | 104.2 (22.3) | 97.3 (15.3) | 0.053 | 0.03 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL (interquartile range) | 106.0 (74–157.0) | 86.0 (63.0–127.0) | 109.0 (82.5–162.5) | 102.0 (71.0–141.8) | 102.0 (75.0–147.0) | 91.0 (68.5–115.5) | 0.222 | 0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 61.7 (16.3) | 68.7 (17.0) | 61.6 (19.9) | 66.9 (16.8) | 61.5 (15.6) | 73.2 (19.7)# | 0.961 | 0.04 |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 119.3 (28.7) | 119.2 (28.9) | 116.8 (28.2) | 119.6 (28.5) | 116.7 (28.0) | 111.7 (27.6) | 0.09 | 0.15 |
| White blood cell count,/μL | 5,573.0 (1538.1) | 5,227.3 (1454.6) | 5,946.7 (1744.1)* | 5,638.2 (1661.7)** | 5,842.9 (1576.5)* | 5,157.9 (1235.5) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Data are expressed as means (standard deviation), median (interquartile range), or as number (n) (percentage)
Airflow limitation (AL) was difined as FEV1/FVC < 0.7
Pack years = (number of cigareetes smoked per day × number of year smoked)/20
BMI body mass index, FVC forced vital capacity, FEV 1 forced expiratory volume in one second, HDL high-density lipoprotein, LDL low-density lipoprotein, hsCRP hypersensitivity C-reactive protein
* p < 0.05 compared with normal lung function
# p < 0.05 compared with mild airflow limitation