Table 3.
Relationship between AL and comorbidities according to lung function
| Comorbidity | Normal n = 11,785 | AL total n = 920 |
p Value | AL | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mild n = 469 | p Value | Moderate-to-very severe n = 451 | p Value | ||||
| Men (n = 6,661) | n = 6,010 | n = 651 | n = 257 | n = 394 | |||
| Lung cancer | |||||||
| Crude OR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 10.40 (4.21–25.69) | <0.001 | 7.88 (2.12–29.27) | 0.002 | 12.06 (4.47–32.56) | <0.001 |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 9.88 (3.88–25.14) | <0.001 | 6.52 (1.70–24.99) | 0.006 | 12.58 (4.53–34.94) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | |||||||
| Crude OR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.21 (1.03–1.42) | 0.024 | 1.28 (1.00–1.64) | 0.053 | 1.16 (0.95–1.42) | 0.156 |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.08 (0.91–1.27) | 0.404 | 1.08 (0.83–1.39) | 0.585 | 1.08 (0.87–1.33) | 0.506 |
| Diabetes and hyperglycemia | |||||||
| Crude OR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.33 (1.10–1.60) | 0.003 | 1.30 (0.98–1.74) | 0.073 | 1.34 (1.06–1.70) | 0.014 |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.23 (1.02–1.49) | 0.034 | 1.19 (0.89–1.60) | 0.245 | 1.26 (0.99–1.60) | 0.06 |
| Dyslipidemia | |||||||
| Crude OR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.93 (0.79–1.09) | 0.343 | 0.92 (0.72–1.18) | 0.505 | 0.93 (0.76–1.14) | 0.478 |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.95 (0.81–1.13) | 0.576 | 0.98 (0.76–1.26) | 0.862 | 0.94 (0.76–1.16) | 0.551 |
| MetS (JIS) | |||||||
| Crude OR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.21 (0.99–1.49) | 0.065 | 1.02 (0.74–1.43) | 0.889 | 1.34 (1.05–1.73) | 0.021 |
| Adjusted* OR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.21 (0.98–1.49) | 0.075 | 1.05 (0.75–1.46) | 0.797 | 1.32 (1.02–1.69) | 0.034 |
| MetS (JCCMS) | |||||||
| Crude OR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.11 (0.90–1.38) | 0.333 | 1.14 (0.82–1.58) | 0.428 | 1.09 (0.83–1.43) | 0.524 |
| Adjusted* OR (95% CI | 1.00 | 1.05 (0.85–1.31) | 0.648 | 1.08 (0.77–1.50) | 0.665 | 1.04 (0.79–1.36) | 0.797 |
| Ischemic heart disease | |||||||
| Crude OR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.12 (0.75–1.89) | 0.464 | 1.00 (0.46–2.15) | 0.996 | 1.31 (0.75–2.29) | 0.336 |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.86 (0.53–1.38) | 0.524 | 0.65 (0.30–1.41) | 0.27 | 1.02 (0.58–1.81) | 0.937 |
| Women (n–6,044) | n = 5,775 | n = 269 | n = 212 | n = 57 | |||
| Lung cancer | |||||||
| Crude OR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 4.33 (1.25–15.05) | 0.02 | 3.66 (0.83–16.10) | 0.086 | 6.86 (0.89–52.80) | 0.065 |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 3.42 (0.97–12.11) | 0.057 | 2.82 (0.63–12.64) | 0.176 | 5.95 (0.75–47.32) | 0.09 |
| Hypertension | |||||||
| Crude OR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.71 (1.34–2.19) | <0.001 | 1.74 (1.32–2.29) | <0.001 | 1.61 (0.95–2.73) | 0.08 |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.63 (1.26–2.10) | <0.001 | 1.59 (1.20–2.11) | 0.001 | 1.79 (1.04–3.10) | 0.037 |
| Diabetes and hyperglycemia | |||||||
| Crude OR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.63 (1.20–2.23) | 0.002 | 1.74 (1.24–2.45) | 0.001 | 1.25 (0.61–2.56) | 0.54 |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.61 (1.18–2.20) | 0.003 | 1.68 (1.19–2.37) | 0.003 | 1.34 (0.65–2.75) | 0.43 |
| Dyslipidemia | |||||||
| Crude OR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.97 (0.75–1.24) | 0.779 | 1.09 (0.83–1.44) | 0.522 | 0.58 (0.33–1.78) | 0.70 |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.90 (0.70–1.16) | 0.418 | 1.00 (0.75–1.32) | 0.982 | 0.89 (0.43–1.82) | 0.74 |
| MetS (JIS) | |||||||
| Crude OR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.33 (0.99–1.79) | 0.057 | 1.47 (1.07–2.03) | 0.019 | 0.87 (0.43–1.78) | 0.70 |
| Adjusted* OR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.31 (0.97–1.76) | 0.075 | 1.43 (1.04–1.98) | 0.03 | 0.89 (0.43–1.82) | 0.74 |
| MetS (JCCMS) | |||||||
| Crude OR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.76 (1.04–2.98) | 0.034 | 1.97 (1.13–3.45) | 0.018 | 1.01 (0.25–4.19) | 0.99 |
| Adjusted* OR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.64 (0.97–2.78) | 0.067 | 1.83 (1.04–3.21) | 0.036 | 0.94 (0.23–3.93) | 0.94 |
| Osteoporosis | |||||||
| Crude OR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.77 (1.16–2.71) | 0.009 | 1.70 (1.05–2.76) | 0.032 | 2.03 (0.87–4.77) | 0.10 |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.33 (0.83–2.14) | 0.243 | 1.24 (0.73–2.12) | 0.428 | 1.73 (0.64–4.68) | 0.28 |
Adjusted for age, body mass index, smoking status, * adjusted for age and smoking status
Airflow limitation (AL) was difined as FEV1/FVC < 0.7
Hypertension; antihypertensive medication use or systolic blood pressure ≧130 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≧85 mmHg Diabetes and hyperglycemia; blood glucose-lowerning medication use or elevated fasting glucose ≧110 Dyslipidemia; medication use or triglycerides ≧150 mg/dl, HDL-C < 40 mg/dl or LDL-C≧140 mg/dl MetS (JCCMS) Dyslipidemia
AL airflow limitation, MetS metabolic syndrome, JIS Joint Interim Statement, JCCMS Japanese Committee of Criteria for MetS, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval