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. 2017 Nov 1;13:79. doi: 10.1186/s13007-017-0224-0

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 1 — Intrinsic and extrinsic variations in the maize field. These variations pose significant challenges for in-field counting of maize tassels. a Shape and size vary significantly as plants grow over time. b Appearance variations due to different cultivars. c Illumination variations due to different weather conditions. d Pose variations due to wind, imaging and perspective distortions. e Occlusions between leaves and tassels or different tassels. f Cluttered background caused by wires, poles and weeds. g Image degradation due to dust or rain drops on the camera lens. h Texture variations due to different flowering status