Table 3.
Characteristics of participants at study entry, with or without contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN)
| CIN (n = 21) | No CIN (n = 103) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 54 (4.90) | 50.80 (2.12) | 0.55 |
| Male gender, n (%) | 17 (80.95) | 79 (76.69) | 0.78 |
| Weight (Kg) | 73.23 (2.32) | 68.15 (1.34) | 0.68 |
| Height (cm) | 164 | 169 | 0.57 |
| BMI (Kg/m2) | 27 | 26 | 0.80 |
| APACHE II score | 14.95 (1.79) | 13.68 (0.69) | 0.51 |
| SOFA score | 6.53 (0.8) | 5.69 (0.34) | 0.34 |
| Category of admission | |||
| Medical, n (%) | 9 (42.86) | 44 (42.72) | 0.15 |
| Surgical, n (%) | 2 (9.52) | 27 (26.21) | 0.15 |
| Neurosurgical, n (%) | 10 (47.62) | 32 (31.07) | 0.20 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Diabetes, n (%) | 2 (9.52) | 10 (9.71) | 0.68 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 4 (19.05) | 32 (31.07) | 0.57 |
| Cardiovascular, n (%) | 3 (14.29) | 11 (10.68) | 0.70 |
| Cirrhosis, n (%) | 1 (4.76) | 0 | 0.16 |
| Renal disease, n (%) | 1 (4.76) | 6 (5.83) | 0.41 |
| Sepsis, n (%) | 8 (38.10) | 35 (33.98) | 0.80 |
| COPD, n (%) | 3 (14.28) | 16(15.53) | 1.00 |
| Charlson index score | 2.32 (0.57) | 2.10 (0.24) | 0.70 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dl) | 0.87 (0.08) | 0.96 (0,07) | 0.39 |
| Serum cystatin-C (mg/L) | 1.34 (0.23) | 0.98 (0.05) | 0.14 |
| Serum urea (mg/dl, median) | 55 (8.34) | 44 (3.82) | 0.18 |
| Serum urea/creatinine | 73.19 (6.3) | 58.65 (2.5) | 0.01 |
| Fluid balance/24 h (ml) | 1462 (169) | 1058 (338.1) | 0.30 |
| Vasoactive therapy, n (%) | 9 (42.86) | 45 (43.69) | 0.13 |
| Noradrenaline dose, γ | 0.1 (0.05) | 0.06 (0.01) | 0.20 |
| Mechanical ventilation, n (%) | 15 (71.43) | 51 (49.51) | 0.09 |
| Diuretic therapy, n (%) | 1 (4.76) | 19 (18.45) | 0.19 |
| ACEi or ARBs, n (%) | 7 (33.33) | 20 (19.42) | 0.19 |
| Nephrotoxic medications, n (%) | 19 (90.48) | 68 (66.02) | 0.03 |
| Volume of contrast agent (ml) | 126.3 (5.88) | 122.2 (2.77) | 0.53 |
| Multiple studies, n (%) | 6 (28.57) | 13 (12.62) | 0.09 |
| Length of ICU stay (days, median) | 29 (3.97) | 25 (7.85) | 0.80 |
| Length of ICU stay before entering the study (days) | 20.71 (4.4) | 18.15 (2.7) | 0.68 |
| ICU mortality, n (%) | 6 (28.57) | 20 (19.42) | 0.38 |
| RRT 10 days post contrast agent, n (%) | 3 (14.28) | 4 (4.85) | 0.09 |
| Total duration on RRT (h) | 47.67 (17.32) | 49.25 (9.29) | 0.93 |
Data presented as mean (SE) unless otherwise indicated. Nephrotoxic drugs included at least one of the following: aminoglycosides, amphotericin, colimycin, vancomycin, teicoplanin or any non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
CIN contrast-induced nephropathy, BMI body mass index, APACHE Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation, SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ACEi angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, ARBs angiotensin II receptor blockers, RRT renal replacement therapy