Table 1.
GDM patient’s characteristics compared with controls
| Variables | Control (N = 200) | GDM (N = 200) | P value 2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year)1 | 26.6 ± 4.7 | 29.8 ± 4.6 | < 0.001 | |
| Familial history of GDM | Positive | 18 (9%) | 40 (20%) | 0.04 |
| Negative | 182 (91%) | 160 (80%) | ||
| Previous GDM | Positive | 7 (3.5%) | 22 (11%) | < 0.001 |
| Negative | 193 (96.5%) | 178 (89%) | ||
| Complications during pregnancy | Yes | 25 (12%) | 12 (6%) | 0.2 |
| No | 175 (78%) | 188 (94%) | ||
| Labor | Caesarean | 70 (35%) | 114 (57%) | 0.02 |
| Natural | 130 (65%) | 86 (43%) | ||
| Gestational age (week) | 27.6 ± 1.7 | 28.3 ± 2.1 | 0.58 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.2 ± 4.4 | 27.4 ± 5.3 | < 0.001 | |
| FPG (mg/dl) | 85 ± 6.4 | 97.6 ± 5.1 | 0.001 | |
| 1hPG (mg/dl) | 120.3 ± 15.3 | 199.8 ± 13.6 | < 0.001 | |
| 2hPG (mg/dl) | 106.5 ± 1.8 | 168.1 ± 2.6 | < 0.001 | |
| HbA1c (%) | 4.1 ± 0.31 | 5.5 ± 0.66 | < 0.001 | |
| TC (mg/dl) | 207.4 ± 42.6 | 200.7 ± 46.4 | 0.24 | |
| LDL.C (mg/dl) | 124.8 ± 34.9 | 104.1 ± 34.4 | < 0.001 | |
| HDL.C (mg/dl) | 68.3 ± 19.5 | 55.7 ± 11.7 | 0.001 | |
| TG (mg/dl) | 177.3 ± 27.8 | 222.8 ± 82.3 | < 0.001 | |
| Neonate weight (kg) | 3.1 ± 0.4 | 3.3 ± 0.5 | 0.1 | |
| Neonate height (cm) | 50 ± 2.2 | 50.6 ± 2.9 | 0.2 | |
| Neonate head circumference (cm) | 35.8 ± 1.7 | 35.5 ± 1.5 | 0.4 | |
| Apgar | 9.03 ± 0.58 | 9.01 ± 0.69 | 0.8 | |
1
Means ± SE (all such values);
2
p values were measured by independent sample t-test for quantitative and chi-square test for qualitative data; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus