Table 2.
LncRNAs associated with CRC.
| LncRNAs and references | Cytoband | Expression level | Types | Mode of action | Potential clinical significance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CCAL44 | 3q29 | Elevated | Oncogenic | Activates Wnt signaling by suppressing AP-2α | Prognosis and therapeutics |
| CCAT138, 42, 45 | 8q24.21 | Elevated | Oncogenic | N/A | Screening, diagnosis, and prognosis |
| CCAT1-L41 | 8q24.21 | Elevated | Oncogenic | Regulates chromatin interactions at the MYC locus | N/A |
| CCAT246 | 8q24.21 | Elevated | Oncogenic | Up-regulates and Responds to Wnt signaling; underlies metastatic progression and chromosomal instability | Screening, diagnosis, and prognosis |
| CRNDE47, 48 | 16q12.2 | Elevated | Oncogenic | Responds to EGFR signaling; regulates genes involved in central metabolism | Diagnosis |
| E2F4 antisense49 | 16q21-22 | Elevated | Oncogenic | Activated by Wnt signaling; contributes to carcinogenesis by reducing the level of the E2F4 cell cycle repressor | NA |
| HOTAIR39, 50 | 12q13.13 | Elevated | Oncogenic | Correlates with PRC2 function; participates in EMT | Prognosis |
| HULC51 | 6p24.3 | Elevated | Oncogenic | N/A | Diagnosis |
| KCNQ1OT1/LIT152, 53 | 11p15.5 | LOI | Oncogenic | Correlates with epigenetic status at the KvDMR1 | Diagnosis |
| lncRNA-ATB54 | 14q11.2 | Elevated | Oncogenic | Activated by TGF-β; promotes EMT | Prognosis and therapeutics |
| MALAT155 | 11q13.1 | Elevated | Oncogenic | Promotes EMT by regulating ZEB1, ZEB2 and Slug expression; activates Wnt signaling | Diagnosis and prognosis |
| ncNRFR56 | 1p13.2 | Elevated | Oncogenic | Inhibits the oncosuppressive function of let-7 by binding to target mRNAs | Diagnosis |
| PCAT157 | 8q24.21 | Elevated | Oncogenic | N/A | Prognosis |
| PVT158 | 8q24 | Elevated | Oncogenic | Generates antiapoptotic activity via TGF-β signaling | Prognosis |
| uc.73A59 | 2q22.3 | Elevated | Oncogenic | Reduces apoptosis | Diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutics |
| CUDR60 | 19p13.12 | Elevated | Oncogenic | N/A | N/A |
| BANCR61 | 9q21 | Decreased | Oncosuppressive | Suppresses CRC proliferation via targeting p21 | N/A |
| CAHM62 | 6q26 | Decreased | Oncosuppressive | N/A | Screening and diagnosis |
| lncRNA-LET63 | 15q24.1 | Decreased | Oncosuppressive | Repressed by histone deacetylase 3; contributes to hypoxia-mediated metastasis | NA |
| lincRNA-p2164 | 6p21.2 | Decreased | Oncosuppressive | Acts with hnRNP-K as a transcriptional coactivator of p53 | Prognosis |
| Loc28519465, 66 | 3q13.31 | Decreased | Oncosuppressive | Induced by p53; inhibits tumor cell growth in part through reducing miR-211 level | Prognosis |
| MEG367, 68 | 14q32.2 | Decreased | Oncosuppressive | Induces accumulation of TP53 by down-regulating MDM2 | NA |
| ncRAN69 | 17q25.1 | Decreased | Oncosuppressive | N/A | Prognosis and therapeutics |
| PTENP170 | 9p13.3 | Decreased | Oncosuppressive | Regulates cellular levels of PTEN by binding to the PTEN-targeting miRNAs | therapeutics |
| BA318C17.171 | 20p12.1 | Decreased | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| H1940, 72, 73 | 11p15.5 | Elevated or LOI | Oncogenic/ oncosuppressive |
Decreases RB expression by acting as the precursor of miR-675; controls the number of polyps in the APC murine model of CRC; promotes EMT via functioning as miR-138 and miR-200a sponges | Prognosis and therapeutics |
| PRNCR168 | 8q24 | N/A | N/A | Contains CRC- related SNPs within its locus | Screening |
| XIST74, 75 | Xq13.2 | Elevated | N/A | N/A | N/A |