(A) Results of G6PD gene sequencing, chromate inhibition, cytofluorometry, and spectrophotometric determination of G6PD activity and the G6PD:GR activity ratio to detect heterozygous G6PD deficiency. The Venn diagram indicates the number of females with a positive result in the tests, which implies G6PD deficiency. For example, 14 females had a positive result in all tests whereas 31 patients had a positive result of the G6PD:GR ratio determination only. (B) Results of G6PD gene sequencing, chromate inhibition, cytofluorometry, and spectrophotometric determination of G6PD activity and the G6PD:GR ratio to detect heterozygous G6PD deficiency. The Venn diagram indicates the number of females with a negative result in the tests, which implies normal G6PD function. For example, 9 females had a negative result in all tests whereas 9 patients only had a negative result in the G6PD activity determination. Abbreviations: G6PD, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; GR, glutathione reductase.