Table 5.

Environmental and behavioural correlates of mobile screen media use and direction of association

Variable type	Variables	Smartphones		Tablets		Touch screens		Any media device
		Association	Study	Association	Study	Association	Study	Association	Study
Behavioural factors	Child media skills					+	30
Sociocultural/ environmental factors	Parental media use/screen time	+ (>2 years)	31	+	1 31 33	+	30	+	(≥2 years)27 35
		0	1 37
	Parent attitudes on effects of media on children	+ (>6 years)	31	+(>2 years)	31
	Parental belief that media has positive effects on children	0	37			0	30
	Parental belief that media has negative effects on children					0	30
	Parents’ belief on pacifying nature of media					+	30
	Parents’ belief that media are too complicated for young children to use					0	30
	Parent’s time with child	0	1	0	1
	Parental limit setting on media use	0	(boys)29
		+ (always)	(girls)29
	Collaborative rule setting	0	29
	Parental control on media use			0	28
	Parental nurturance			−	28
	Parental self-efficacy			−	28
	Type of child care (0=parental care)							−	38
	Mother’s relational well-being			0	33
	Mother’s personal well-being			0	33
	Days of week (0=weekdays)							+	35
	Parental step count/physical activity							−	35
	TV on during dinner							+	(≥2 years)27
	Number of TVs/screens at home	+	37					0	27
	Computers outside children’s bedroom							+	36
	Screen viewing items in child’s bedroom	+	37

Touch screens include combined results for smartphones and tablets while any media includes combination of traditional media with at least one form of mobile screen media devices.

‘+’ denotes positive association, ‘−’ denotes negative association, ‘0’ denotes no association (significant at 95% confidence level, p<0.05), empty cells denote association for that variable has not been studied.